Effects of Policies Designed to Keep Firearms from High-Risk Individuals

Webster, Daniel; Wintemute, Garen J.

doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031914-122516

Cited by 66 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…Boston's Operation Ceasefire program observed a significant reduction in gun violence by holding all members of a gang culpable if one member used a handgun illegally (Braga & Pierce, 2005). In addition, policies that prohibit firearm possession for high-risk adults (e.g., violent misdemeanor arrests or under restraining orders) via robust checks of background, permit granting and gun dealerships (see Webster & Wintermute, 2015) may in turn reduce the number of guns available to high-risk youth. In addition, smart technologies may be able to be used for handguns so that only lawful adults are able to fire these weapons.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Handgun carrying among White youth increasing in the United States: New evidence from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health 2002–2013

Vaughn

Nelson

Salas-Wright

et al. 2016

Preventive Medicine

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Handgun carrying among White youth increasing in the United States: New evidence from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health 2002–2013

Vaughn

Nelson

Salas-Wright

et al. 2016

Preventive Medicine

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“…A broader body of research suggests that high standards for legal gun ownership and certain policies to deter transfers of guns to prohibited persons (e.g., universal background checks, permit-to-purchase laws) reduce gun availability to criminals and reduce violence (Webster & Wintemute, 2015). However, few studies have examined the effects of these policies or of youth-focused firearm restrictions on juvenile's access and criminal misuse of guns.…”

Section: Reduce Youth Access To Gunsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Youth violence: What we know and what we need to know.

Bushman¹,

Newman²,

Calvert³

et al. 2016

American Psychologist

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141

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School shootings tear the fabric of society. In the wake of a school shooting, parents, pediatricians, policymakers, politicians, and the public search for "the" cause of the shooting. But there is no single cause. The causes of school shootings are extremely complex. After the Sandy Hook Elementary School rampage shooting in Newtown, Connecticut, we wrote a report for the National Science Foundation on what is known and not known about youth violence. This article summarizes and updates that report. After distinguishing violent behavior from aggressive behavior, we describe the prevalence of gun violence in the United States and age-related risks for violence. We delineate important differences between violence in the context of rare rampage school shootings, and much more common urban street violence. Acts of violence are influenced by multiple factors, often acting together. We summarize evidence on some major risk factors and protective factors for youth violence, highlighting individual and contextual factors, which often interact. We consider new quantitative "data mining" procedures that can be used to predict youth violence perpetrated by groups and individuals, recognizing critical issues of privacy and ethical concerns that arise in the prediction of violence. We also discuss implications of the current evidence for reducing youth violence, and we offer suggestions for future research. We conclude by arguing that the prevention of youth violence should be a national priority.

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“…1 Catalyzed by the recent killings in Newtown, Connecticut; Oak Creek, Wisconsin; Aurora, Colorado; and Santa Barbara, California, among other tragedies, these initiatives have largely involved: laws that require mental health providers to notify authorities about patients who are a potential danger to themselves or others, 2 efforts to strengthen background check databases for individuals purchasing firearms, 3 and proposals to expand access to mental health treatment services. 4 In addition, professional societies have reaffirmed or expanded recommendations that clinicians perform preventive screening by asking patients about firearms and storage patterns in the home, 5–9 partly because of the significant association between firearm ownership and self-injury.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Firearm Ownership and Acquisition Among Parents With Risk Factors for Self-Harm or Other Violence

Ladapo

Elliott

Kanouse

et al. 2016

Academic Pediatrics

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Objective Recent policy initiatives aiming to reduce firearm morbidity focus on mental health and illness. However, few studies have simultaneously examined mental health and behavioral predictors within families, or their longitudinal association with newly acquiring a firearm. Methods Population-based, longitudinal survey of 4,251 parents of fifth-grade students in three US metropolitan areas; 2004–2011. Multivariate logistic models assessed associations between owning or acquiring a firearm and parent mental illness and substance use. Results Ninety-three percent of parents interviewed were women. Overall, 19.6% of families reported keeping a firearm in the home. After adjustment for confounders, history of depression (aOR 1.36, 95% CI 1.04–1.77), binge drinking (aOR 1.75, 95% CI 1.14–2.68), and illicit drug use (aOR 1.75, 95% CI 1.12–2.76) were associated with a higher likelihood of keeping a firearm in the home. After a mean of 3.1 years, 6.1% of parents who did not keep a firearm in the home at baseline acquired one by follow-up and kept it in the home (average annual likelihood=2.1%). No risk factors for self-harm or other violence were associated with newly acquiring a gun in the home. Conclusions Families with risk factors for self-harm or other violence have a modestly greater probability of having a firearm in the home compared with families without risk factors, and similar probability of newly acquiring a firearm. Treatment interventions for many of these risk factors may reduce firearm-related morbidity.

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Effects of Policies Designed to Keep Firearms from High-Risk Individuals

Cited by 66 publications

References 42 publications

Handgun carrying among White youth increasing in the United States: New evidence from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health 2002–2013

Handgun carrying among White youth increasing in the United States: New evidence from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health 2002–2013

Youth violence: What we know and what we need to know.

Firearm Ownership and Acquisition Among Parents With Risk Factors for Self-Harm or Other Violence

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