Effects of Platelet-Rich Plasma Composition on Anabolic and Catabolic Activities in Equine Cartilage and Meniscal Explants

Abstract

Objective:To evaluate the effects of single- and double-spin preparations of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on anabolic and catabolic activities of cartilage and meniscal explants in vitro.Methods:Single- and double-spin PRP was prepared using laboratory processing or commercial kits. The cellular contents were quantified, and each PRP was mixed in equal quantities with cell culture medium and added to cartilage or meniscus explant cultures, with or without interleukin 1 β (IL-1β). Extracellular matrix synthesis was quantified over 24 hours via 35S-sulfate and 3H-proline incorporation, while gene expression of catabolic enzymes was evaluated using real-time PCR.Results:The platelet concentration in single-spin laboratory PRP was 59% higher than blood. Platelet and white blood cell concentrations in single-spin laboratory and kit PRP were not significantly different, while the double-spin kit resulted in approximately 2.5-fold higher platelet and approximately 400-fold higher white blood cell concentrations. In cartilage cultures without IL-1β, radiolabel incorporation in single-spin PRP cultures was significantly higher than in double-spin cultures. Similar results were obtained for 35S-sulfate incorporation in meniscus cultures without IL-1β. In IL-1β, radiolabel incorporation was largely similar among all PRPs. After 24 hours of culture, ADAMTS-4 gene expression in cartilage was lowest for single-spin PRP, while expression in the double-spin kit was not significantly different from double-spin laboratory PRP in which platelets were concentrated 6-fold.ConclusionsThis study suggests that single-spin PRP preparations may be the most advantageous for intra-articular applications and that double-spin systems should be considered with caution.

Morphogen and proinflammatory cytokine release kinetics from PRGF‐Endoret fibrin scaffolds: Evaluation of the effect of leukocyte inclusion

“…The cellular components of PRP products are a differentiating factor that may influence the clinical effectiveness of their administration for the treatment of a disease and/or the regeneration of damaged tissue. Several studies support the use of P‐PRP in a large number of pathologies of the musculoskeletal system . Other clinical studies have reported the occurrence of adverse effects after the administration L‐PRP .…”

Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory effects of two platelet-rich gel supernatants in an in vitro system of cartilage inflammation

“…As mentioned, there are controversial opinions regarding which is the ideal concentration of PLT and WBC in PRP to be used for therapeutic aims in patients with OA [20]. This in vitro research was conducted to complement previous studies [22,[24][25][26] of in vitro cartilage response to several concentrations (25% and 50%) of PRG supernatants from two different PRP preparations (P-PRP and L-PRP).…”

“…These complex mechanisms are constantly reported in several studies evaluating the in vitro effects of several PRP preparations and related substances in in vitro systems of joint cell (tissue) inflammation [24,26,34,36].…”

“…Some studies have indicated that PRP preparations poor in white blood cells (WBCs) -also known as pure PRP (P-PRP) or leukoreduced PRPhave more beneficial (anabolic) effects than PRP preparations rich in WBC (also known as leukocyte-and platelet-rich plasma [L-PRP] or leukoconcentrate PRP) [22,[24][25][26].…”

Effects of two platelet-rich gel supernatants at two concentrations on healthy cartilage explants from horses

“…However, there are several in vitro studies in horses that show the positive effect of leukoreduced PRP (also known as pure PRP [P-PRP]) preparations in musculoskeletal tissues in contrast to leukoconcentrated PRP (L-PRP) preparations (Kisiday et al 2012, McCarrel et al 2012, Boswell et al 2014.…”