Effects of Plant-Derived Polysaccharides on Murine Cytomegalovirus and Encephalomyocarditis Virus Infections in Mice

Smee, Donald F.

doi:10.1177/095632029500600606

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…We previously demonstrated that these As tragalus polysaccharides also prevented mor tality in mice infected with murine cytomega lovirus and encephalomyocarditis virus [7], Stimulation of the intrinsic antiviral activity of macrophages by Corynebacterium parvum was shown to protect mice from an otherwise lethal challenge of encephalomyocarditis vi rus [25]. Interferon induction is the most common mode of antiviral action of biologi cal response modifiers [24], but not in the case of the Astragalus polysaccharides.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We have found that these tragacanthin polysaccharides, when in jected into mice, can prevent mortality in duced by murine cytomegalovirus (a herpes virus) and encephalomyocarditis virus (a picomavirus) [7], In this report we describe the antiviral effects of two tragacanthin polysac charides on Punta Toro virus (PTV) infec tions in mice. PTV is a phlebovirus of the Bunyaviridae family of viruses which we have used as a model for the highly hazardous Rift Valley fever and hantavirus infections in studying antiviral agents and biological re sponse modifiers [8,9], Due to the extreme Tragacanthin Polysaccharidesand PTV Infections severity of these infections in man [10,11], there is a need for effective antiviral treat ments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The method of purification and chemical characterization of the products have been previously reported [4,5,7], The polysaccharides in their carbox ylic acid forms are water-soluble, free of particulate matter, gel, natural cations, and small molecules which occur in the crude gums. The compounds were homo geneous in polysaccharide content except for a small amount of covalently bound protein.…”

Section: Antiviral Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antiviral Activities of Tragacanthin Polysaccharides on Punta Toro Virus Infections in Mice

et al. 1996

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Tragacanthin polysaccharides from Astragalus brachycentrus (AV208) and Astragalus echidnaeformis (AV212) plants, which are devoid of in vitro antiviral activity, were evaluated in a mouse model of Punta Toro virus (PTV) infection. The PTV (a phlebovirus member of the Bunyaviridae family of viruses) is a model for studying the treatment of Rift Valley fever and hantavirus infections. Single intraperitoneal treatments with 12.5–200 mg/kg/day doses of AV212 given 24 h before or 4 and 24 h after virus inoculation protected the majority of mice from mortality. Single treatments with AV208 were ineffective when given 24 h before the virus challenge; however, protection was afforded when treatments were administered at 4 and 24 h following virus inoculation. In a follow-up study, AV208 treatments of 1.6-50 mg/kg/day given 24 h subsequent to virus exposure caused reductions in mortality, liver infection scores, liver and spleen virus titers, and serum transaminases. The polysaccharides did not activate lymphocytes or natural killer cells, nor was interferon induced in treated mice. However, mice pretreated with fumed silica (a macrophage poison) and infected with the PTV were not protected by subsequent administration of AV208 or AV212 at 50 mg/kg, providing evidence that activation of peritoneal macrophages by the polysaccharides affords protection to infected animals. These compounds should be considered for the potential treatment of significant human infections induced by bunyaviruses and hantaviruses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Antiviral Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antiviral Activities of Tragacanthin Polysaccharides on Punta Toro Virus Infections in Mice

et al. 1996

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“…Astragalus species are recommended for all types of immune disorders caused by poor or low immune system function (8-11). The pharmacological activity of the root extract of this plant extract includes antiviral and antibacterial activity, liver protection, and anticancer activity, as well as blood pressure lowering and diuretic effects (12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19). In addition, Astragalus species contain saponins, polysaccharides, and phenolics, while the toxic compounds include imidazoline alkaloids, nitro toxins, and selenium derivatives (20).The lipids of legumes have not been investigated in any great detail because of the low lipid content (21-23).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatty acid composition of root and shoot samples of some Astragalus L. (Fabaceae) taxa growing in the east and southeast of Turkey

Keskin¹,

Kaçar²

2013

Turkish Journal of Biology

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“…[3][4][5] Chemical studies on Astragalus saponins have reported the presence of cycloartane-type triterpenoid glycosides which were found to exert biological activities (e.g. anti-inflammatory, analgesic, diuretic, hypotensive and sedative effects).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Trojanosides I-K: New Cycloartane-Type Glycosides from the Aerial Parts of Astragalus trojanus.

Bedir

Tatlı

Çalış

et al. 2001

CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN

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Astragalus L., the largest genus in the family Leguminosae, is represented by 380 species in the flora of Turkey.1)The roots of Astragalus species represent a very old and well-known drug in traditional medicine for its usage as an antiperspirant, tonic and diuretic. It has also been used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus, nephritis, leukemia and uterine cancer.2) In the district of Anatolia, located in South Eastern Turkey, an aqueous extract of the roots of Astragalus is traditionally used against leukemia and for its wound-healing properties. Known biologically active constituents of Astragalus roots represent two major classes of chemical compounds, polysaccharides and saponins.2) Astragalus polysaccharides are known to have anticancer and immune enhancing properties in both in vitro and in vivo experiments. [3][4][5] Chemical studies on Astragalus saponins have reported the presence of cycloartane-type triterpenoid glycosides which were found to exert biological activities (e.g. anti-inflammatory, analgesic, diuretic, hypotensive and sedative effects). 6)Our earlier investigations of Astragalus species resulted in the isolation of a series of cycloartane-type triterpenic saponins. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13] We previously reported the isolation and the structure determination of trojanosides A-H from Astragalus trojanus. 10,11) In our continuing search, we have isolated three new cycloartane-type triterpene glycosides, named as trojanosides I-K (1, 2, 5), from the aerial parts of Astragalus trojanus. Here we report the isolation and the structural elucidation of 1, 2 and 5.The IR spectrum of compound 1 indicated the presence of hydroxyl (3419 cm Ϫ1) and ester carbonyl (1726 cm Ϫ1) functionalities. The high resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS) spectrum of 1 exhibited an ion peak for [MϩNa] ϩ at m/z 933.3207, which is compatible with the molecular formulae C 47 H 74 O 17 .Taking into account the results of our comprehensive 1 Hand 13 C-NMR studies and previous knowledge derived from metabolites isolated from the genus Astragalus, 7-13) the main features of a cycloartane-type triterpene were evident: characteristic signals due to cyclopropane-methylene protons as an AX system (d 0.23, 0.64, J AX ϭ4. (Table 1) showed 47 signals, 6 of which were in good accordance with the presence of three acetyl groups (d 21.3, 21.3, 21.7, 170.4, 170.8, 171.0), 30 of which were attributed to a triterpenic aglycone, and the remaining 11 resonances indicated the presence of a pentosyl and a hexosyl moieties.Full assignments of the proton and carbon signals of the aglycon part of 1 were secured from its double quantum filtered correlation spectroscopy (DQF-COSY) and heteronuclear multiple quantum correlation spectroscopy (HMQC) spectra. The resonances assigned to the sapogenol moiety were in good agreement with trojanoside A, . In order to substantiate our findings, deacetyl derivative of 1 was obtained by an alkaline deacetylation. Alkaline deacetylation of 1 followed by TLC analysis showed the ...

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Effects of Plant-Derived Polysaccharides on Murine Cytomegalovirus and Encephalomyocarditis Virus Infections in Mice

Cited by 8 publications

References 20 publications

Antiviral Activities of Tragacanthin Polysaccharides on Punta Toro Virus Infections in Mice

Antiviral Activities of Tragacanthin Polysaccharides on Punta Toro Virus Infections in Mice

Fatty acid composition of root and shoot samples of some Astragalus L. (Fabaceae) taxa growing in the east and southeast of Turkey

Trojanosides I-K: New Cycloartane-Type Glycosides from the Aerial Parts of Astragalus trojanus.

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