Effects of plant and animal high protein diets on immune-inflammatory biomarkers: A 6-week intervention trial

Effects of High- and Low-proteindiets on Inflammatory Profiles in People With Morbid Obesity: A 3-week Intervention Study

“…The bene cial effects of HP were restricted to reducing concentrations of CRP and chemerin. These results are in line with our previous work, where we evaluated the effect of HP diet in a 6-week intervention study among diabetes patients with obesity (21). HP has a stronger effect on satiety compared to diets of LP content and with equivalent quantities of E from carbohydrate or fat (35).…”

“…No studies have simultaneously assessed effects of high-and low-protein diets on in ammatory pro les captured by multiple biomarkers. This may be particularly important, because single biomarkers may not su ciently capture the effect of diet on the complete in ammatory phenotype associated with obesity (21). Studies in people with morbid obesity that may most bene t from such interventions are particularly sparse (9).…”

Decreased Serum Growth Differentiation Factor 15 Levels After Lifestyle Intervention in Patients With Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

“…We also rstly investigated the relationship between the improvement of clinical metabolic parameters and baseline GDF15 levels, and found that in patients with baseline GDF15 levels ≥ 900 pg/ml, better metabolic improvement could be obtained under the a 4-week LI. However, in the process of metabolic improvement, different change trends of circulating GDF15 levels were reported in different studies [8,11,12,[22][23][24]. At present, the causal relationship and mechanisms between the change of GDF15 levels and the improvement of metabolism are still unclear, which need to be further explored.…”

“…To further analyze the consistence of the studies, we compared the results of the present study with the results of previous intervention studies. Interestingly, in some previous studies patients with baseline GDF15 levels below 900 pg/ml had their GDF15 levels signi cantly increased after intervention [8,11,12], while in other studies patients with baseline GDF15 levels above 900 pg/ml had their GDF15 levels remained unchanged or signi cantly decreased after intervention [22][23][24]. Based on our and previous research results, we preliminarily speculated that in the process of metabolic improvement, the GDF15 levels either increased or remained unchanged when baseline GDF15 levels were < 900 pg/ml, and either decreased or remained unchanged when baseline GDF15 levels were ≥ 900 pg/ml.…”

“…Several studies [8,11,12] found that the GDF15 levels of obese/T2DM patients (n < 50) signi cantly increased after the bariatric surgery compared with levels before the bariatric surgery (< 500 pg/ml). Two studies [22,23] indicated that a 2-week very low calorie diet (n = 14) or a 6-week high-protein diet (n = 37) did not change the GDF15 levels (> 1000 pg/ml) among patients with T2DM patients. Another study in 41 T2DM patients with an additional gliptin therapy if HbA 1c goals were not reached under metformin monotherapy, demonstrated that GDF15 levels signi cantly decreased from baseline (1630 ± 180.52 pg/ml) to Month 6 [24].…”