Effects of Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase‐Activating Polypeptide, Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide, and Somatostatin on the Release of Thyrotropin from the Bullfrog Pituitary

Okada, Reiko; Yamamoto, Kazutoshi; Ito, Yoichi; Chartrel, Nicolas; Leprince, Jérôme; Fournier, Alain; Vaudry, Hubert; Kikuyama, Sakaé

doi:10.1196/annals.1317.064

Cited by 11 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(43 reference statements)

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“…Among several postulated roles, pacap is known as a releasing factor for hormones, including adenohypophysial hormones (Rawlings and Hezareh, 1996). pacap was shown to increase the secretion of Growth Hormone (Gracia-Navarro et al, 2002; Wong et al, 2000; Zhou et al, 2005), Gonadotropin (Petersen et al, 1996; Wong et al, 2000), Thyrotropin (TSH; (Okada et al, 2006), and Prolactin (Rawlings and Hezareh, 1996). …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of differentially expressed genes in the zebrafish hypothalamic–pituitary axis

Toro

Wegner

Müller

et al. 2009

Gene Expression Patterns

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The vertebrate hypothalamic-pituitary axis (HP) is the main link between the central nervous system and endocrine system. Although several signal pathways and regulatory genes have been implicated in adenohypophysis ontogenesis, little is known about hypothalamic and neurohypophysial development or when the HP matures and becomes functional. To identify markers of the HP, we constructed subtractive cDNA libraries between adult zebrafish hypothalamus and pituitary. We identified previously published genes and ESTs and novel zebrafish genes, some of which were predicted by genomic database analysis. We also analyzed expression patterns of these genes and found that several are expressed in the embryonic and larval hypothalamus, neurohypophysis, and/ or adenohypophysis. Expression at these stages makes these genes useful markers to study HP maturation and function. KeywordsAdenohypophysis; cell differentiation; hormone; hypothalamic-pituitary axis; hypothalamus; neurohypophysis; organ maturation; pituitary; subtractive cDNA library Results and DiscussionThe hypothalamic-pituitary axis (HP) is the main link between the central nervous system and endocrine system. The HP regulates hormone secretion during homeostasis, growth, reproduction, and several other physiological functions. Under control of the hypothalamus, the adenohypophysis (anterior pituitary lobe) produces and secretes hormones involved in these functions. This control occurs through the production of hypothalamic hypophysiotropic hormones that stimulate or inhibit synthesis and release of adenohypophysial hormones. The hypothalamus also secretes hormones such as vasotocin and oxytocin (in mammals), and Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. NIH Public Access Author ManuscriptGene Expr Patterns. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2010 April 1. isotocin and vasopressin (in fish) through its neuronal projections into the neurohypophysis (Bentley, 1998;Unger and Glasgow, 2003).Several genes regulate induction, specification, survival, patterning, and cell differentiation in the adenohypophysis (reviewed in (Dasen and Rosenfeld, 2001;Pogoda and Hammerschmidt, 2007;Zhu et al., 2005). However, little is known about the genetic regulation of later hypothalamic and neurohypophysial development or even when the HP matures and becomes physiologically functional.To identify developmental markers of the HP, we constructed subtractive cDNA libraries between adult hypothalamus and pituitary and examined expression of these genes in embryos and larvae. We report the construction of these subtractive libraries ...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of differentially expressed genes in the zebrafish hypothalamic–pituitary axis

Toro

Wegner

Müller

et al. 2009

Gene Expression Patterns

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“…More recently, use of receptor‐specific somatostatin analogs on clinically nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma cells cultured in vitro indicated that the regulation of alpha‐subunit secretion by SST is mediated through the subtypes sst2A, sst3, and sst5 50 . SST has also been reported to inhibit stimulated TSH release in vitro from fetal human pituitary cells, as well as in cultures of pituitary cells from rats, birds, and amphibians 27,29,51,52 . In fact, in this latter species, it has been demonstrated that both SS1 and SS2 inhibited TSH release induced by PACAP‐38 but did not alter spontaneous (basal) TSH secretion, suggesting a similar role for both neurohormones in the regulation of thyrotrope function in vitro 27 .…”

Section: Sst Functions From Fish To Mammalsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…By and large, SST acts as a universal inhibitor of endocrine and exocrine secretions. Thus, SST inhibits GH secretion in all vertebrate species studied, 7–18 while its actions in other pituitary secretions vary in a species‐dependent manner 19–30 . In addition, SST14 inhibits exocrine secretions 4,5,31 and modulates nervous system functions and digestive and immune system actions 32,33 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Somatostatin and its receptors from fish to mammals

Gahete

Córdoba-Chacón

Durán-Prado

et al. 2010

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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Somatostatin (SST) and its receptors (sst) make up a molecular family with unique functional complexity and versatility. Widespread distribution and frequent coexpression of sst subtypes underlies the multiplicity of (patho)physiological processes controlled by SST (central nervous system functions, endocrine and exocrine secretion, cell proliferation). This complexity is clearly reflected in the intricate evolutionary development of this molecular family. Recent studies postulate the existence of an ancestral somatostatin/urotensin II (SST/UII) gene, which originated two ancestral, SST and UII, genes by local duplication. Subsequently, segment duplication would have originated two diverging SST genes in both fish (SS1/SS2) and tetrapods [(SST/cortistatin(CST))]. SST/CST actions are mediated by a family of GPCRs (sst1-5) encoded by five different genes. sst1-4 sequences are highly conserved compared with sst5, suggesting unique evolutionary and functional relevance for the latter. Indeed, we recently identified novel truncated but functional sst5 variants in several species, which may help to explain part of the complexity of the SST/CST/sst family. Comparative and phylogenetic analysis of this molecular family would enhance our understanding of its paradigmatic evolutionary complexity and functional versatility.

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“…Although they have mainly been studied in mammals, some of these actions have also been reported in other vertebrates (for a review, see Gahete et al (2010)). For instance, SS1 inhibits prolactin release in the Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus; Grau et al 1982) and PACAP38-induced TSH secretion in the American bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeiana, previously Rana catesbeiana) (Okada et al 2006). Surprisingly, in the trout (Salmo trutta), SS1 seems to exert a stimulatory effect on ACTH secretion (Langhorne 1986).…”

Section: Ss-ergic Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The idea that the genomes of vertebrates are the result of two rounds of genome duplications was first suggested by Ohno (1970) based on chromosome numbers and genome sizes. Information about gene locations on chromosomes in human and mouse genomes provided evidence supporting this notion in the late 1980s and early 1990s (Lundin 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MOLECULAR EVOLUTION OF GPCRS: Somatostatin/urotensin II receptors

Tostivint¹,

Daza²,

Bergqvist³

et al. 2014

Journal of Molecular Endocrinology

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Somatostatin (SS) and urotensin II (UII) are members of two families of structurally related neuropeptides present in all vertebrates. They exert a large array of biological activities that are mediated by two families of G-protein-coupled receptors called SSTR and UTS2R respectively. It is proposed that the two families of peptides as well as those of their receptors probably derive from a single ancestral ligand-receptor pair. This pair had already been duplicated before the emergence of vertebrates to generate one SS peptide with two receptors and one UII peptide with one receptor. Thereafter, each family expanded in the three whole-genome duplications (1R, 2R, and 3R) that occurred during the evolution of vertebrates, whereupon some local duplications and gene losses occurred. Following the 2R event, the vertebrate ancestor is deduced to have possessed three SS (SS1, SS2, and SS5) and six SSTR (SSTR1-6) genes, on the one hand, and four UII (UII, URP, URP1, and URP2) and five UTS2R (UTS2R1-5) genes, on the other hand. In the teleost lineage, all these have been preserved with the exception of SSTR4. Moreover, several additional genes have been gained through the 3R event, such as SS4 and a second copy of the UII, SSTR2, SSTR3, and SSTR5 genes, and through local duplications, such as SS3. In mammals, all the genes of the SSTR family have been preserved, with the exception of SSTR6. In contrast, for the other families, extensive gene losses occurred, as only the SS1, SS2, UII, and URP genes and one UTS2R gene are still present.

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Effects of Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase‐Activating Polypeptide, Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide, and Somatostatin on the Release of Thyrotropin from the Bullfrog Pituitary

Cited by 11 publications

References 28 publications

Identification of differentially expressed genes in the zebrafish hypothalamic–pituitary axis

Identification of differentially expressed genes in the zebrafish hypothalamic–pituitary axis

Somatostatin and its receptors from fish to mammals

MOLECULAR EVOLUTION OF GPCRS: Somatostatin/urotensin II receptors

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