Effects of Phytochemicals on Diabetic Retino‐neuropathy

Ola, Mohammad Shamsul; Nawaz, Mohd Imtiaz; Alhomida, Abdullah S.

doi:10.1002/9781119155195.ch9

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 98 publications

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“…As reported in many apoptotic paradigms, Bax resides primarily in the cytosol of healthy cells, in an inactive state. In the mitochondria apoptosis pathway, Bax undergoes specific conformational changes, activates caspase-9 and cytochrome c leading to the activation of effector caspase-3 [33,34]. In our results, caspase-3 activation, which has been shown to be up-regulated in TUNEL positive cells, revealed that OS could induce apoptosis in PDLSCs.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Nrf2 Inhibits Periodontal Ligament Stem Cell Apoptosis under Excessive Oxidative Stress

Li¹,

Yang²,

Yi³

et al. 2017

Preprint

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Abstract:The present study aimed to analyze novel mechanisms underlying Nrf2-mediated anti-apoptosis in periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) in the periodontitis oxidative microenvironment. We created an oxidative stress model with H2O2-treated PDLSCs. Herein, we used real-time PCR, western blotting, TUNEL staining, fluorogenic assay and transfer genetics to confirm the degree of oxidative stress and apoptosis as well as the Nrf2 function. Surprisingly, we demonstrated that with up-regulated ROS and MDA levels, the effect of oxidative stress was obvious under H2O2 treatment. Anti-oxidative molecules were changed after the H2O2 exposure, whereby the anti-oxidative signaling of Nrf2 was activated with the increase of its downstream effectors, HO-1, NQO1 and γ-GCS. Additionally, the apoptosis levels gradually increased with oxidative stress and changes in the caspase-9, caspase-3, Bax and c-Fos levels, but not with caspase-8 and down-regulated Bcl-2. The enhanced antioxidant effect could not resist the occurrence of apoptosis. Furthermore, Nrf2 overexpression effectively improved the anti-oxidative levels and increased cell proliferation. At the same time, overexpression effectively restrained TUNEL staining and decreased the molecular levels of caspase-9, caspase-3, et al, but not that of caspase-8. By contrast, silencing the expression Nrf2 levels had the opposite effect. Collectively, Nrf2 alleviates PDLSCs via its effects on anti-oxidative and anti-intrinsic apoptosis by the activation of anti-oxidative enzymes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Nrf2 Inhibits Periodontal Ligament Stem Cell Apoptosis under Excessive Oxidative Stress

Li¹,

Yang²,

Yi³

et al. 2017

Preprint

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“…Moreover, many bioactive compounds have antidiabetic effects as well as the potential to increase neurotrophic effects, reduce OS, and decrease apoptosis in the retina of diabetic rat models. More studies are also required to obtain better knowledge regarding the phytochemicals-mediated reduction of microvascular complications of diabetes, including DR. Clinical trials are also needed to demonstrate the neuroprotective, antioxidant, and antidiabetic properties of bioactive compounds in patients with DR [ 215 ]. Bioactive compounds that alleviate DNP via controlling various signaling mechanisms can be further developed as a safe and effective therapy in reversing the loss of renal functions.…”

Section: Future Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Roles of Anti-Inflammatory Plant-Derived Bioactive Compounds Targeting Inflammation in Microvascular Complications of Diabetes

Kaabi

2022

Molecules

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Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic disorders, the characteristics of which include chronic hyperglycemia owing to defects in insulin function, insulin secretion, or both. Inflammation plays a crucial role in DM pathogenesis and innate immunity in the development of microvascular complications of diabetes. In addition, hyperglycemia and DM mediate a proinflammatory microenvironment that can result in various microvascular complications, including diabetic nephropathy (DNP), diabetic neuropathy (DN), and diabetic retinopathy (DR). DNP is a major cause of end-stage renal disease. DNP can lead to albuminuria, decreased filtration, mesangium expansion, thickening of the basement membrane, and eventually renal failure. Furthermore, inflammatory cells can accumulate in the interstitium and glomeruli to deteriorate DNP. DN is another most prevalent microvascular complication of DM and the main cause of high mortality, disability, and a poor quality of life. DNs have a wide range of clinical manifestations because of the types of fiber dysfunctions and complex structures of the peripheral nervous system. DR is also a microvascular and multifactorial disease, as well as a major cause of visual impairment globally. Pathogenesis of DR is yet to be fully revealed, however, numerous studies have already confirmed the role of inflammation in the onset and advancement of DR. Despite evidence, and better knowledge regarding the pathogenesis of these microvascular complications of diabetes, there is still a deficiency of effective therapies. Bioactive compounds are mainly derived from plants, and these molecules have promising therapeutic potential. In this review, evidence and molecular mechanisms regarding the role of inflammation in various microvascular complications of diabetes including DNP, DN, and DR, have been summarized. The therapeutic potential of several bioactive compounds derived from plants in the treatment of these microvascular complications of diabetes has also been discussed.

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“…This extract was found in a 2:2:1 ratio of bioflavonoid GB1, GB2, and kola flavanone [21] (Figure 2). Polyphenolic compounds are composed of three benzene rings with hydroxyl (OH) groups which preserve antioxidant activity [31,32] (Figure 2). KV, extract from G. kola nut, has shown great potential for use in therapeutic medicine against many health-threatening chronic diseases of the liver and reproductive system and diabetes [5,[25][26][27][28][29][30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Antioxidative Effects of Kolaviron on Reproductive Function in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Wistar Rats

Manirafasha¹,

Oyenihi²,

Brooks³

et al. 2019

Antioxidants

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The present study investigated the effects of Kolaviron (KV) on the testicular and epididymal tissue antioxidant status in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ at 50 mg/ kg body weight. The antioxidant status was studied by evaluating epididymal and testicular levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), a lipid peroxidation (LPO) marker, and the activities of catalase (CAT) glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were also assessed using biochemical techniques. Diabetes induction resulted in testicular and epididymal LPO and adversely affected the activities of antioxidant enzymes evident by a noticeable decrease in enzyme activity in both tissues. The potential antioxidative effects of KV in the testicular and epididymal tissues of STZ-induced diabetes were revealed by its ability to mitigate against LPO and increase the activity of antioxidant defense enzymes in the reproductive tissues studied. KV might potentially be used as an antioxidant as well as antidiabetic treatment; however, further studies are needed.

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Effects of Phytochemicals on Diabetic Retino‐neuropathy

Cited by 3 publications

References 98 publications

Nrf2 Inhibits Periodontal Ligament Stem Cell Apoptosis under Excessive Oxidative Stress

Nrf2 Inhibits Periodontal Ligament Stem Cell Apoptosis under Excessive Oxidative Stress

Potential Roles of Anti-Inflammatory Plant-Derived Bioactive Compounds Targeting Inflammation in Microvascular Complications of Diabetes

Potential Antioxidative Effects of Kolaviron on Reproductive Function in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Wistar Rats

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