Effects of Phytochemically Characterized Extracts From Syringa vulgaris and Isolated Secoiridoids on Mediators of Inflammation in a Human Neutrophil Model
Abstract:Aim of the study: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of phytochemically characterized extracts connected with the traditional use (infusions and ethanolic extracts) of different parts of Syringa vulgaris (common lilac) on the pro-inflammatory functions of neutrophils. Active compounds were isolated from the most promising extract(s) using bioassay-guided fractionation, and their activity and molecular mechanisms of action were determined.Methods: The extracts were characterized using a… Show more
“…Recently, Wozniak et al. demonstrated that oleuropein decreased p38 MAPK, ERK1/2, and JNK and prevented the translocation of NF‐KB from cytosol to nucleus which is critical for the activation of NF‐KB . Castejon et al.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…LPS-activated neutrophils cause phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, ERK, and JNK and translocation of NF-KB 41. Recently, Wozniak et al demonstrated that oleuropein decreased p38 MAPK, ERK1/2, and JNK and prevented the translocation of NF-KB from cytosol to nucleus which is critical for the activation of NF-KB 42. Castejon et al also supported these results demonstrat-, and MMP-13 expressions 44.…”
The Objective
The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of oleuropein on ligature‐induced alveolar bone loss. In this respect, osteoblastic activity, osteoclastic activity, inflammatory markers, and apoptosis were evaluated.
Background
Oleuropein is a flavonoid, which has potent anti‐inflammatory and bone‐protective effects.
Methods
Thirty‐two Wistar rats were divided into four experimental groups as following: control (C, n = 8) group; periodontitis (P, n = 8) group; periodontitis and low‐dose oleuropein group (12 mg/kg/day oleuropein, LDO group, n = 8); and periodontitis and high‐dose oleuropein group (24 mg/kg/day oleuropein, HDO group, n = 8). Periodontitis was induced via ligatures. Study period was 14 days, and animals were sacrificed at end of this period. Mandibles were examined via a stereomicroscope and underwent histological procedures. Osteoblast, tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)‐positive osteoclast, and inflammatory cell counts were determined in hematoxylin‐eosin stained sections. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), bone morphogenetic protein‐4, the cluster of differentiation (CD)‐68, cysteine‐aspartic proteases‐3 (Caspase 3), and B‐cell lymphoma‐2 (Bcl‐2) expressions were evaluated via immunohistochemistry.
Results
Periodontitis group had highest alveolar bone loss, and these levels significantly decreased in LDO and HDO groups. Both 12 and 24 mg/kg oleuropein groups significantly increased osteoblast cell counts and decreased TRAP‐positive osteoclast and inflammatory cell counts. BMP‐4 and bcl‐2 expressions were elevated in oleuropein groups while caspase‐3 expressions decreased. iNOS and CD68 were higher in periodontitis group compared to control group, but there was no significant difference between other groups.
Conclusion
Oleuropein successfully decreased alveolar bone loss as a result of decreased osteoclastic activity, inflammation, and apoptosis and increased osteoblastic activity.
“…Recently, Wozniak et al. demonstrated that oleuropein decreased p38 MAPK, ERK1/2, and JNK and prevented the translocation of NF‐KB from cytosol to nucleus which is critical for the activation of NF‐KB . Castejon et al.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…LPS-activated neutrophils cause phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, ERK, and JNK and translocation of NF-KB 41. Recently, Wozniak et al demonstrated that oleuropein decreased p38 MAPK, ERK1/2, and JNK and prevented the translocation of NF-KB from cytosol to nucleus which is critical for the activation of NF-KB 42. Castejon et al also supported these results demonstrat-, and MMP-13 expressions 44.…”
The Objective
The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of oleuropein on ligature‐induced alveolar bone loss. In this respect, osteoblastic activity, osteoclastic activity, inflammatory markers, and apoptosis were evaluated.
Background
Oleuropein is a flavonoid, which has potent anti‐inflammatory and bone‐protective effects.
Methods
Thirty‐two Wistar rats were divided into four experimental groups as following: control (C, n = 8) group; periodontitis (P, n = 8) group; periodontitis and low‐dose oleuropein group (12 mg/kg/day oleuropein, LDO group, n = 8); and periodontitis and high‐dose oleuropein group (24 mg/kg/day oleuropein, HDO group, n = 8). Periodontitis was induced via ligatures. Study period was 14 days, and animals were sacrificed at end of this period. Mandibles were examined via a stereomicroscope and underwent histological procedures. Osteoblast, tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)‐positive osteoclast, and inflammatory cell counts were determined in hematoxylin‐eosin stained sections. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), bone morphogenetic protein‐4, the cluster of differentiation (CD)‐68, cysteine‐aspartic proteases‐3 (Caspase 3), and B‐cell lymphoma‐2 (Bcl‐2) expressions were evaluated via immunohistochemistry.
Results
Periodontitis group had highest alveolar bone loss, and these levels significantly decreased in LDO and HDO groups. Both 12 and 24 mg/kg oleuropein groups significantly increased osteoblast cell counts and decreased TRAP‐positive osteoclast and inflammatory cell counts. BMP‐4 and bcl‐2 expressions were elevated in oleuropein groups while caspase‐3 expressions decreased. iNOS and CD68 were higher in periodontitis group compared to control group, but there was no significant difference between other groups.
Conclusion
Oleuropein successfully decreased alveolar bone loss as a result of decreased osteoclastic activity, inflammation, and apoptosis and increased osteoblastic activity.
“…UV spectra were recorded in the range 200–400 nm. Compounds were identified by comparing their retention time and UV‐visible and mass spectra with those obtained from standard compounds isolated previously from other Oleaceae family members and/or tentatively identified by comparison with literature information.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Peripheral venous blood was taken from healthy human donors (18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35) years old) at the Warsaw Blood Donation Centre. The donors did not smoke or take any medications and were clinically recognised to be healthy.…”
Introduction
In European traditional medicine, common ash leaf infusion is recommended by European Medicines Agency to treat minor articular pain and to increase the amount of urine for flushing minor urinary complaints. However, a comprehensive ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography diode array detector electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC‐DAD‐ESI‐MS/MS) analysis of this pharmacopeial plant material has never been performed. Moreover, the number of biological and pharmacological investigations proving the usefulness of this plant material in recommended traditional uses is surprisingly small.
Objective
Phytochemical profiling of ash leaf samples from different commercial and natural sources and the determination of the in vitro effects on inflammatory mediators in a model of human neutrophils.
Methods
Ash leaf samples were characterised by total hydroxycinnamic acid content and by high‐performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC), UHPLC‐DAD‐ESI‐MS/MS methods. The effects of leaf infusions on reactive oxygen species (ROS), tumor necrosis factor (TNF‐α), interleukin 8 (IL‐8), interleukin 1β (IL‐1β), and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP‐1) production by neutrophils were measured using luminol‐dependent chemiluminescence and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
Results
In ash leaf samples 64 compounds were identified or partly identified together with four unknown compounds. The major compounds detected belong to different structural groups, including phenolic acid derivatives, phenylethanoids, flavonoids, iridoids, secoiridoids and lignans. The major compounds detected in ash samples were chlorogenic acid, quercetin‐3‐O‐rutinoside, verbascoside, oleuropein and ligstroside. However, one sample contained coumarin derivatives. This finding suggested adulteration with other Fraxinus species and/or plant parts. All infusions were able to inhibit ROS, cytokine and chemokine production.
Conclusions
The performed phytochemical and biological analyses contribute to the knowledge about this pharmacopeial plant material and supports its traditional use to treat minor inflammatory complaints.
“…Mit späterer handschriftlicher Ergänzung "Hartriegel -Ligustrum vulgare L." Exemplar der Universität Straßburg Porträt Thieme Phytochemie Zur Klärung der Frage nach Wirkung und Wirksamkeit dieser historischen Droge ist zunächst eine phytochemische Bestandsaufnahme notwendig. Mit diesem Ergebnis, das auf entzündungshemmende Wirkungen verweist, und den vielfältig in der Literatur zu findenden anti-inflammatorischen Effekten von Oleuropein, das u. a. ein aktiver Hemmer von NF-κB in humanen Neutrophilen ist[13], lassen sich die Indikatio-…”
ZusammenfassungDer Liguster, Ligustrum vulgare L., gehört zu den vergessenen Arzneipflanzen, dessen Blätter, historisch belegt, v. a. zur Entzündungshemmung im Mund- und Halsbereich genutzt wurden. Der Nachweis relevanter Mengen an Secoiridoiden, wie Oleuropein, sowie Flavonoiden und Phenylpropanoiden stützen diese Indikation und sollten neue pharmakologische Untersuchungen an Ligusterblättern rechtfertigen.
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