Effects of phytase and 25‐hydroxyvitamin D3 supplementation on growth performance and bone development in weaned piglets in Ca‐ and P‐deficient dietary

Abstract

BACKGROUND:The beneficial function of phytase and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (HyD) on the feed utilization rate has been widely investigated. However, studies concerning its influence on weaned piglets largely lag behind. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of phytase and HyD supplementation on the growth performance and bone development in weaned piglets under dietary Ca and P deficiency. RESULTS:The results showed that dietary Ca and P deficiency decreased (P < 0.05) the content of serum P in 6-10 kg piglets, as well as reducing (P < 0.05) the contents of serum Ca and P, average daily gain (ADG), bone mineral density (BMD), breaking force (BF), bone ash and femur Ca in 10-20 kg piglets. Compared with the control group, the feed-to-gain ratio (F/G) of 6-10 kg piglets in the Phy group was decreased (P < 0.05), whereas the ADG, blood Ca and P, BMD, BF, bone ash, P apparent digestibility, Ca and P retention rate of 10-20 kg piglets were increased (P < 0.05). The contents of serum osteocalcin and HyD in 6-10 kg piglets and ADG were higher than in the control group (P < 0.05), as well as the contents of serum Ca and HyD in 10-20 kg piglets in the HyD treatment group. Supplementation with both Phy and HyD decreased the F/D (P < 0.05) and increased the contents of serum Ca, P and HyD in 6-10 kg piglets as well as enhancing the ADG, BMD, BF, bone ash, femur Ca and P, serum Ca and P, HyD, and the apparent digestibility and retention of Ca and P (P < 0.05) in 10-20 kg piglets. Supplementation with Phy and HyD in Ca-and P-deficient dietary decreased bone resorption, and improved tight arrangement of collagen fibers and oblique fibers in weaned piglets. CONCLUSION: These data indicated that supplementation with both 1500 U kg −1 Phy and 50 ∼g kg −1 HyD could enhance dietary Ca and P utilization and promote bone development in low Ca and P dietary, and supplementation with both Phy and HyD had a significant synergy effect compared to single supplement.

Dietary Supplementation of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 Improves Growth Performance, Antioxidant Capacity and Immune Function in Weaned Piglets

“…In addition, the reason for the negative effects of excess 25(OH)VD 3 on pig performance should be clarified in further studies. Furthermore, 25(OH)VD 3 alleviated the negative effects of the diet containing low calcium and phosphorus contents on the growth performance of the weaned piglets, which indicated that 25(OH)VD 3 increased the absorption of calcium and phosphorus [ 35 ]. A previous study showed that weaned piglets were the most sensitive pigs to the dose of 25(OH)VD 3 compared with growing-finishing pigs, and no significant modifications related to the dietary treatments of 1000, 2000 and 4000 IU 25(OH)VD 3 were found in the growth performance and concentrations of calcium and phosphorus in the plasma of weaned piglets [ 36 ].…”

“…In addition, both VD 3 and 25(OH)VD 3 increased tibial and femoral breaking strength and stiffness in weaned piglets compared with the NC and PC groups, while 25(OH)VD 3 had a better breaking strength in the femur compared with the VD 3 group. Zhao et al reported that 25(OH)VD 3 supplementations increased the stiffness of femurs when weaned piglets were fed a diet containing low concentrations of calcium and phosphorus [ 35 ]. Previous publications reported that serum VD 3 concentration and bone mineral content increased when sows were fed a 2000 IU 25(OH)VD 3 diet, and that 25(OH)VD 3 supplementation promoted the bone quality of tibias and femurs in suckling piglets [ 26 , 57 ].…”

Efficacy of dietary vitamin D3 and 25(OH)D3 on reproductive capacities, growth performance, immunity and bone development in pigs

“…Corresponding to the study of Zhang et al, Zhao et al also conducted feeding trials only in piglets to evaluate growth efficiencies (31) . They supplemented a total of 240 weaned piglets Accepted manuscript ADFI or FE of the weaned piglets in contrast to NC.…”

“…Corresponding to the study of Zhang et al, Zhao et al also conducted feeding trials only in piglets to evaluate growth efficiencies (31) . They supplemented a total of 240 weaned piglets ( Regardless of the body weight, HyD supplements showed no significant effect in average daily feed intake or feed efficiency of the weaned piglets in contrast to NC.…”

“…Vitamin D metabolism is attributed to endogenous adaptive mechanisms for maintaining mineral homeostasis, which is critical for animal health. In particular, potential long-term consequences due to nutritional strategies in the early life stages need to be addressed as summarised in the concept of nutritional Zhang et al (10) 144 piglets 14/28 62•5 5 0 1 4 d -↑Ca (serum) 28 d -↑Ca, ↑BALP e , ↑OC f (serum) Zhao et al (31) 240 sows -50 50 6-10 kg --10-20 kg -↑Ca (serum) Doherty et al (59) 24 boars 66 50 25 (Vit D 3 ) þ 25 -↑Faecal Ca d ↑Ca digestibility, ↑Ca retention Weber et al (19) 227 sows -50 50 IN b ↑CrossLaps (plasma) -PI c -↑CrossLaps (plasma) Witschi et al (29) 39 sows ET a 50 50 ---Rosenberg et al (62) 48 piglets 42 programming, thereby inducing resource-efficient phenotypes. However, evaluation must also consider a range of effects in peripheral tissues to account for unintended metabolic effects (Fig.…”