Effects of physicochemical and structural properties of single and double feedstuffs derived from different botanic sources on in vitro starch digestion and glucose release kinetics

Abstract

Starch is the largest constituent in animal diets. The aims of this study were as follows:(a) to assess the variability of basic physicochemical properties and in vitro starch digestion of starchy feedstuffs and investigate relationship between physicochemical properties and starch digestion of the feedstuffs, and (b) to explore the effects of different sources of starchy feedstuffs on starch digestion and glucose release. In this study, we determined the inherent molecular structure and granular structure of starch and chemical compositions of seven starchy feedstuffs, as well as starch digestion in single feedstuff and different feedstuffs combined with corn. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) results revealed significant difference between granule shape and size of starch of different feedstuffs. Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR) spectra for barley and wheat had lower (p < 0.05) absorbance band at areas A_860 and A_928 than other feedstuffs, yet rice starch had the lowest value for ratio (R) (1047/1022).Moreover, digestion rate ranged from 0.0157/min for resistant starch (sorghum) to 0.029/min for rapidly starch (broken rice). The principle component analysis (PCA) showed that predicted glycaemic index (pGI) was positively related to A_1022, glucose and rapidly (RDS) content and negatively related to A_995, A_1047, R (1047/1022), resistant starch (RS) and amylose content. Most of the feedstufss with corn combination had no effect on rate of starch digestion. In addition, different starchy feeds and corn combination changed the rate of starch digestion, when barley, however, sorghum combined with corn seemed to affect rate of starch digestion. To sum up, different sources differed in basic physicochemical and structural properties, which would influence the digestion rate of starch and the release of glucose. Combination of different feedstuffs particular sorghum with corn has interactive effect on starch digestion and the release of glucose.

Effects of the kinetic pattern of dietary glucose release on nitrogen utilization, the portal amino acid profile, and nutrient transporter expression in intestinal enterocytes in piglets

“…In this experiment, the corn/cassava diet exhibited the highest peak glucose release rate after 15 min of in vitro digestion, followed by the corn/barley, corn, and corn/sorghum diets. These findings are consistent with the glucose release patterns observed for cassava, barley, corn, and sorghum in previous study [ 30 ]. However, following the peak glucose release rate, the corn/cassava diet dramatically decrease the glucose release rate, while the corn/sorghum diet more gradually decreased the glucose release rate.…”

“…Indeed, accumulating evidence indicates that diets containing starch with different amylose/amylopectin ratios distinctly alter growth performance and nitrogen utilization [ 25 , 27 , 28 ], and these changes may be associated with the alterations in the kinetics of diet glucose release [ 6 , 29 ]. On the basis of our previous study on the effects of physicochemical and structural properties of single and double feedstuffs derived from different botanical sources on in vitro starch digestion and glucose release kinetics [ 30 ]. Four diets with different glucose release kinetics, containing similar levels of CP, NE, and starch, were formulated with starch sources from corn, corn/barley, corn/sorghum, or corn/cassava combinations in the present study.…”

“…The cassava, barley, maize, and sorghum exhibited distinct glucose release kinetics attributed to the variations in the content of rapidly digestible starch and the ratio of amylopectin to amylose. [ 30 ]. In this experiment, the corn/cassava diet exhibited the highest peak glucose release rate after 15 min of in vitro digestion, followed by the corn/barley, corn, and corn/sorghum diets.…”

High amylose to amylopectin ratios in nitrogen-free diets decrease the ileal endogenous amino acid losses of broiler chickens

“…Since there was no significant difference in feed intake among different NFD treatments, therefore, these differences in IEAA losses could partly be explained by the differences in starch digestion rate, the extent of starch digestion, or both. There are negative relationships between amylose content and starch digestion rate ( Zhong et al., 2021 ), and it has been observed that slowly digestible starch continuously supplies glucose, resulting in a gradual insulin release and leading to more efficient utilization of amino acid ( Weurding et al., 2001 ). Moreover, diets with a high AM/AP ratio have been found to reduce the consumption of AA by the intestinal epithelial cells, promoting more AA entry into the bloodstream to maintain protein synthesis, which has been reported in goats ( Lv et al., 2022 ), pigs ( van der Meulen et al., 1997 ), and chickens ( Selle and Liu, 2019 ; Yin et al., 2019 ).…”