Effects of physical and nutritional stress conditions during mycelial growth on conidial germination speed, adhesion to host cuticle, and virulence of Metarhizium anisopliae, an entomopathogenic fungus

Rangel, Drauzio E.N.; Alston, Diane G.; Roberts, Donald W.

doi:10.1016/j.mycres.2008.04.011

Cited by 109 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…In the field, fungal conidia must cope with abiotic and biotic factors detrimental to survival and most of conidial survival on the leaves is lost after 24 h because of environmental constraints such as solar radiation, high temperature, low relative humidity, rainfastness, and plant allelochemicals (Jaronski, 2010). In addition, the high and fast germination rate for fungal entomopathogens has a positive relationship with their virulence toward a host (Altre et al, 1999;Hassan et al, 1989;Rangel et al, 2008). Faster conidial germination indicates non-stressed conidia which play an important role for the success of biological control of insects and should be the major concern in quality control protocols for conidia-based mycoinsecticides (Faria et al, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compatibility of conventional agrochemicals used in rice crops with the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae

Silva

Quintela

Mascarin

et al. 2013

Sci. agric. (Piracicaba, Braz.)

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The toxicological impact of chemical pesticides on fungal entomopathogens and their use in tank-mixing can be directly measured through in vitro compatibility tests. This study reports the in vitro toxicity of eight insecticides, four fungicides and five herbicides in the conidial germination, vegetative growth and conidiation of Metarhizium anisopliae (strain CG 168). A conidial suspension containing the pesticide at recommended field dosage was subjected to constant agitation in a rotary shaker for 3h to simulate a tank mixing. Then, aliquots of each suspension were used to determine conidial germination, vegetative growth and conidiation on potato dextrose agar (PDA). The fungicides difenoconazole (69 mL ha -1 ), propiconazole (75 mL ha -1 ), trifloxystrobin (313 g ha -1 ) and azoxystrobin (56 mL ha -1 ) were the most harmful products to all biological stages of M. anisopliae and they should not be applied together with this fungus in tank mixing. The insecticides exhibited the least degree of toxicity to this fungal pathogen, whereas the herbicides had the greatest impact on mycelial growth. The agrochemicals compatible with M. anisopliae were the insecticides methyl parathion (240 mL ha -1 ), thiamethoxam (31 g ha -1 ), and lambda-cyhalothrin (6.3 mL ha -1 ) and the herbicides glyphosate (1560 mL ha -1 ), bentazon (720 mL ha -1 ), and imazapic+ imazapyr (84 g ha -1 ). The compatible pesticides could be simultaneously used with this bio-control agent for integrated pest management in rice production systems.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compatibility of conventional agrochemicals used in rice crops with the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae

Silva

Quintela

Mascarin

et al. 2013

Sci. agric. (Piracicaba, Braz.)

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“…To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to provide evidence that osmotic stress is associated with enhanced virulence of the weak plant-pathogenic Fusarium spp. An association between osmotic stress and a slightly increased virulence has also been observed in the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae (Rangel et al 2008). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Enhanced virulence of Fusarium species associated with spear rot of oil palm following recovery from osmotic stress

2017

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Fusarium spp., which are common inhabitants of oil palm leaves, are weak pathogens of common spear rot (CSR). We investigated the influence of osmotic stress on the growth, virulence, and activity of cell wall-degrading enzymes of CSR fungi, using potato dextrose agar (PDA) supplemented with KCl or sucrose (hyperosmotic medium). Hyperosmotic stress significantly inhibited mycelial growth, but growth rapidly recovered when mycelia were transferred to control medium. When inoculated into oil palm spear leaflets, Fusarium sp., and F. incarnatum precultured on 1.0 and 1.5 M KCl-hyperosmotic medium induced lesions that were two to four times larger than those in non-stressed cultures, suggesting enhanced virulence of the weak pathogens. Lesion size was not greatly affected in hyperosmotic cultures of moderately virulent F. sacchari. No activity of pectin lyase was detected in liquid cultures of the Fusarium isolates. All isolates except F. incarnatum BT48 secreted polygalacturonase (PG), which was active in both liquid cultures and inoculated leaves. Significantly increased PG activity (5–32-fold) was observed on leaves inoculated with hyperosmotic cultures of Fusarium sp. and F. sacchari. These findings suggest that Fusarium sp., F. incarnatum, and F. sacchari exhibit an adaptive physiological plasticity to hyperosmotic stress that results in enhanced virulence.

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“…These authors reported that mortality was significantly affected by the host plants and that the diet affected the susceptibility to infection, the survival time and the production of conidia in cadavers, proving that insects fed better quality diets are less susceptible to B. bassiana infections agents. The nutritional status of the fungi before the infection process must also be considered to understanding the host-pathogen relationship (James 2001;Rangel et al 2008). In our experiments, all conidia of both fungi were grown from the same kind of culture medium.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Parameters of Euschistus heros (F.) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) and its Susceptibility to Entomopathogenic Fungi When Fed on Different Diets

Oliveira¹,

Dudczak

Alves

et al. 2016

Braz. arch. biol. technol.

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Effects of physical and nutritional stress conditions during mycelial growth on conidial germination speed, adhesion to host cuticle, and virulence of Metarhizium anisopliae, an entomopathogenic fungus

Cited by 109 publications

References 35 publications

Compatibility of conventional agrochemicals used in rice crops with the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae

Compatibility of conventional agrochemicals used in rice crops with the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae

Enhanced virulence of Fusarium species associated with spear rot of oil palm following recovery from osmotic stress

Biological Parameters of Euschistus heros (F.) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) and its Susceptibility to Entomopathogenic Fungi When Fed on Different Diets

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