Effects of physical activity during pregnancy and gestational weight gain on newborn weight and length at birth in Warmińsko-Mazurskie province

Abstract

Epidemiological research has identifi ed a relationship between infant birth weight, maternal physical activity and nutrition with likelihood of developing future diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, obesity, infectious, allergic, and autoimmune diseases, as well as death resulting from ischemic heart disease, relating

Is parity a risk factor for excessive weight gain during pregnancy and postpartum weight retention? A systematic review and meta‐analysis

“…Effect sizes for direct associations between parity and pre-pregnancy BMI, GWG and PPWR ranged substantially across studies. For pre-pregnancy BMI, effect sizes were minimal to small (2,7,30,37,47,48,51,56) and medium (42). For GWG, effect sizes were minimal to small (2,7,18,26,33,37,42,43,45,51).…”

“…For example, 14 studies found that primiparous women were more likely to gain more weight (2,7,24,27,32,34,51,53) and/or experience excessive GWG (22,26,38,45,46,55) than multiparous women. In contrast, 10 studies found that multiparous women had a greater risk of excessive (18,21,35,53) and absolute (28,31,44,47,48) GWG. An additional nine studies (8,27,30,36,37,(42)(43)(44)54,56) did not report/find a significant association between parity and GWG, and a further two (15,25) studies employed an entirely nulliparous sample.…”

“…Most of the studies (n = 25) (2,7,8,18,(21)(22)(23)25,27,29,30,32,34,(36)(37)(38)40,42,43,46,47,50) calculated BMI during (or before) pregnancy purely via self-reported weight. Nine (15,26,31,33,42,44,48,49,55) studies obtained weight and height via objective measures and calculated BMI during pregnancy.…”

“…The five (24,28,35,39,52) remaining studies obtained weight and height measures from medical records. In order to categorize pre-pregnancy BMI into weight classes, 19 (15,22,23,25,27,30,33,34,38,(40)(41)(42)46,(48)(49)(50)52,54,56) studies used the World Health Organization's BMI cut-offs, and another 16 (2,7,8,18,21,26,28,29,32,35,36,43,45,47,51,53) studies used guidelines consistent with these. A further six (24,31,37,39,44,55) studies used the 1990 Institute of Medicine (IOM) (57) BMI cut-offs to determine prepregnancy BMI classifications.…”

“…Associations between parity and pre-pregnancy BMI are shown in Table S2. In the 20 studies that examined the relationship between parity and pre-pregnancy BMI , 11 (2,7,18,27,37,44,(46)(47)(48)51,56) reported a significant positive relationship. However, five (8,30,32,33,42) studies failed to find a significant relationship between these variables, and a further four (34,43,49,50) studies did not report significance statistics for the association between parity and pre-pregnancy BMI.…”