Effects of Phylogenetic Diversity and Phylogenetic Identity in a Restoration Ecology Experiment

Hipp, Andrew L.; Glasenhardt, Mary Claire; Bowles, Marlin L.; Garner, Mira; Scharenbroch, Bryant C.; Williams, Evelyn W.; Barak, Rebecca S.; Byrne, Amy; Ernst, Adrienne R.; Grigg, Emily; Midgley, Meghan G.; Wagreich, Hayley; Larkin, Daniel J.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-93145-6_10

Cited by 10 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The soils (Markham series, fine, illitic, mesic, mollic oxyaquic Hapludalfs) on the site are deep and moderately well drained, forming in a thin layer of silt loam loess overlying silty clay loam till (USDA‐NRCS, 2019). Our experiment manipulates phylogenetic and trait diversity in mixed species plots drawn from 127 tallgrass prairie plants, all of which essentially reached maximum productivity at the time the biomass and remote sensing data were collected (Hipp et al, 2018). The site is divided into 437 4‐m 2 plots, which were partitioned based on measurements of their soil traits into two superblocks (west and east), each containing three blocks (A–C in the west superblock, D–F in the east superblock; Fig.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Quantitative and qualitative trait data for each species were gathered from published sources (Iverson et al, 1999; Amatangelo et al, 2014; Sonnier et al, 2014; Ash et al, 2015; Hipp et al, 2018; Clark et al, 2019) or collected as described in Appendix , using the species classification described by Bai et al (2012). Nitrogen fixation and root types (adventitious, primary, bulb, corm, fibrous, rhizome, stolon, and tuber) were coded as binary traits.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To assess how trait evolution shapes the phylogenetic structure of species‐level productivity estimates in the monoculture plots, a phylogeny synthesized from published phylogenies and taxonomic knowledge of unsampled species (a “synthesis phylogeny” sensu Li et al, 2019; Fig. 2) was developed using Zanne et al (2014) as a framework, followed by the pruning and splicing of taxa of interest in this study, as detailed by Hipp et al (2018). We estimated the phylogenetic signal in species’ traits, biomass, and corrected VI measures from monoculture plots (see methods above) using Blomberg’s K (Blomberg et al, 2003) and Pagel’s λ (Pagel, 1999) in geiger version 2.0.6.2 (Harmon et al, 2008).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Multispecies plots were also duplicated in both superblocks for a total of 72 multispecies plots. Complete details of the experimental design are described by Hipp et al (2018).…”

Section: Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

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Application of remote sensing technology to estimate productivity and assess phylogenetic heritability

et al. 2020

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Plant productivity shapes how species compete and respond to stressors (Mahaut et al., 2020) and consequently how species are distributed in space, thereby shaping the assembly of plant communities. Productivity is traditionally estimated directly by measuring aboveground biomass and cover, but remote sensing is emerging as a less time-and resource-intensive tool (Heinsch et al., 2006; Yu et al., 2018). Estimating vegetation cover requires relatively little time and resources but considers growth in only two dimensions, ignoring vegetation height and density. Biomass estimates more directly measure total plant growth; however, collecting, drying, and weighing biomass are both resource intensive and destructive, limiting the practicality of biomass studies at large spatial and temporal scales. Recent developments in remote multispectral imagery and vegetation structure mapping have improved our ability to estimate plant productivity (Cerasoli et al., 2018; Fischer et al., 2019). Multispectral vegetation indices (VIs) are a collection of ratios and transformations of light reflectance intensities detected in certain spectral bands. They are based on the light that is reflected by vegetation, which is influenced by leaf health, density, and photosynthetic activity (Xue and Su, 2017); thus, VIs have emerged as an important tool for estimating plant community productivity (Wang et al., 2010; Cavender-Bares et al., 2017). Many VIs use the ratio of red to near-infrared reflectance because of the correlation between the contrast in the absorption of these bands and leaf health (Myneni et al., 1995). The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI; Tucker, 1979) is the most commonly used VI. NDVI is based on the ratio of red and near infrared reflectance and is often applied in ecological studies (Pettorelli et al., 2005), where it has

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Multispecies plots were also duplicated in both superblocks for a total of 72 multispecies plots. Complete details of the experimental design are described by Hipp et al (2018).…”

Section: Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

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Application of remote sensing technology to estimate productivity and assess phylogenetic heritability

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“…Branch lengths inform models of trait evolution, and so for our purposes of mapping independent evolutionary pattern onto ecological pattern we consider it undesirable to have branch lengths play a role in both aspects. For those interested in incorporating branch lengths in other situations, a simple approach would be to multiply each species' abundance by its evolutionary distinctiveness (Isaac, Turvey, Collen, Waterman, & Baillie, 2007) or another measure of its phylogenetic uniqueness (e.g., Cadotte et al, 2010;Hipp et al, 2018;Redding & Mooers, 2006). However, depending on the question at hand this might "average out" the signal of interest.…”

Section: Potential Methodological Extensionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The interaction of phylogeny and community structure: Linking the community composition and trait evolution of clades

Pearse

Legendre

Peres‐Neto

et al. 2019

Global Ecol Biogeogr

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Aim Community phylogenetic studies use information about the evolutionary relationships of species to understand the ecological processes of community assembly. A central premise of the field is that the evolution of species maps onto ecological patterns, and phylogeny reveals something more than species traits alone about the ecological mechanisms structuring communities, such as environmental filtering, competition, and facilitation. We argue, therefore, that there is a need for better understanding and modelling of the interaction of phylogeny with species traits and community composition. Innovation We outline a new approach that identifies clades that are ecophylogenetically clustered or overdispersed and assesses whether those clades have different rates of trait evolution. Ecophylogenetic theory would predict that the traits of clustered or overdispersed clades might have evolved differently, in terms of either tempo (fast or slow) or mode (e.g., under constraint or neutrally). We suggest that modelling the evolution of independent trait data in these clades represents a strong test of whether there is an association between the ecological co‐occurrence patterns of a species and its evolutionary history. Main conclusions Using an empirical dataset of mammals from around the world, we identify two clades of rodents whose species tend not to co‐occur in the same local assemblages (are phylogenetically overdispersed) and find independent evidence of slower rates of body mass evolution in these clades. Our approach, which assumes nothing about the mode of species trait evolution but instead seeks to explain it using ecological information, presents a new way to examine ecophylogenetic structure.

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Phylogenetic distance controls plant growth during early restoration of a semi‐arid riparian forest

Teixeira

Mazzochini

Kollmann

et al. 2022

Ecol Sol and Evidence

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1. Little attention has been paid to phylogenetic diversity during restoration initiatives. Because plant phylogenetic distance can be a surrogate for functional diversity, its consideration could foster the restoration of degraded areas.2. This study investigates the influence of species richness and phylogenetic relatedness during early restoration of a riparian forest located between the Atlantic Forest and semi-arid ecosystems in NE Brazil. The restoration experiment was established along a perennial stream in Monte Alegre, RN, investigating the significance of species richness and phylogenetic diversity for sapling survival and growth of the restored communities.3. We used phylogenetic information on 47 tree species naturally occurring at the study site. The resulting phylogenetic tree had a basal node with three major clades. To implement the experiment, three species from each clade were randomly selected, resulting in nine species (from five families). We defined five levels of diversity: (i) no planting, (ii) monoculture, (iii) three phylogenetically related species (same clade), (iv) three phylogenetically distant species (different clades) and (v) nine species. The experiment consisted of 96 (12 m × 10 m) plots established along the two margins of the stream. Overall, 1656 saplings (20-50 cm) were planted in September 2015 (184 per species). We tested whether the survival and growth of saplings are influenced by the number of species planted and phylogenetic distance among them. 4. We assessed plant mortality and growth during two consecutive years (2016 and 2017). Survival was lower but relative growth was higher for plants near the stream. After controlling for differences in initial size, plots with phylogenetically distant species produced significantly taller plants, but only when occurring near the stream. Diversity treatments did not influence plant survival, while initial size determined plant survival and growth. 5. Our findings show that greater phylogenetic distance led to increased plant growth, probably, because of the presence of functionally divergent species thatThis is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Effects of Phylogenetic Diversity and Phylogenetic Identity in a Restoration Ecology Experiment

Cited by 10 publications

References 42 publications

Application of remote sensing technology to estimate productivity and assess phylogenetic heritability

Application of remote sensing technology to estimate productivity and assess phylogenetic heritability

The interaction of phylogeny and community structure: Linking the community composition and trait evolution of clades

Phylogenetic distance controls plant growth during early restoration of a semi‐arid riparian forest

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