Effects of Photoperiod and Vernalization on the Number of Leaves at Flowering in 32 Arabidopsis thaliana (Brassicaceae) Ecotypes

Karlsson, Birger; Sills, Gavin R.; Nienhuis, James

doi:10.2307/2445435

Cited by 47 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 3 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…2), as prolonged exposure to extreme R:FR ratios (Table VI), or as EOD exposure to brief R or FR (Tables 1-111). This enhanced flowering with FR enrichment confirms earlier evidence for Arabidopsis (Brown and Klein, 1971;Martinez-Zapater and Sommerville, 1990;Bagnall, 1993;Karlsson et al, 1993). Similar FR response is also known for other LDP Lane et al, 1965; see reviews by Deitzer, 1984;Thomas, 1993;Vince-Prue, 1975, 1994.…”

Section: Ld Genotwesupporting

confidence: 84%

Flowering Responses to Altered Expression of Phytochrome in Mutants and Transgenic Lines of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh

et al. 1995

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

l h e long-day plant Arabidopsis tbaliana (L.) Heynh. flowers early in response to brief end-of-day (EOD) exposures to far-red light (FR) following a fluorescent short day of 8 h. FR promotion of flowering was nullified by subsequent brief red light (R) EOD exposure, indicating phytochrome involvement. The EOD response to R or FR is a robust measure of phytochrome action. Along with their wild-type (WT) parents, mutants deficient in either phytochrome A or B responded similarly to the EOD treatments. Thus, neither phytochrome A nor B exclusively regulated flowering, although phytochrome B controlled hypocotyl elongation. Perhaps a third phytochrome species is important for the EOD responses of the mutants and/or their flowering is regulated by the amount of the FR-absorbing form of phytochrome, irrespective of the phytochrome species. Overexpression of phytochrome A or phytochrome B resulted in differing photoperiod and EOD responses among the genotypes. The day-neutra1 overexpressor of phytochrome A had an EOD response similar to all of the mutants and WTs, whereas R EOD exposure promoted flowering i n the overexpressor of phytochrome B and FR EOD exposure inhibited this promotion. The comparisons between relative flowering times and leaf numbers at flowering of the overexpressors and their WTs were not consistent across photoperiods and light treatments, although both phytochromes A and B contributed to regulating flowering of the transgenic plants.

show abstract

Section: Ld Genotwesupporting

confidence: 84%

Flowering Responses to Altered Expression of Phytochrome in Mutants and Transgenic Lines of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh

et al. 1995

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…These results show that vernalization treatment corrects the effect of the fve mutations on the total number of leaves by reducing the number of each morphological leaf type. In most Arabidopsis ecotypes, SD produce an increase in the total number of leaves, as shown in Figure 1 for the ecotype Ler (Karlsson et a/., 1993). In order to elucidate if this increase is also caused by lengthening the three described morphological stages, and to confirm the results shown above, we analysed the number of leaves of each morphological type in 10 plants of each genotype grown under three different environmental conditions.…”

Section: Leaf Morphology Of Wild-type and Fve Mutants Under Differentmentioning

confidence: 71%

Arabidopsis late‐flowering fve mutants are affected in both vegetative and reproductive development

et al. 1995

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SummaryThe development of wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heyhn and two lete-flowering fve mutants has been analysed under different environmental conditions. In wildtype plants, short-day photoperiods delay the floral transition as a consequence of lengthening all the developmental phases of the plant. Moreover, short days also alter the inflorescence structure by reducing the internode elongation and delaying the establishment of the floral developmental programme in the lateral meristems of the inflorescence and co-florescences. Mutations at the FVE locus cause a delay in flowering time, and a change in the inflorescence structure, similar to the effect of short photoperiods on wild-type plants. However, the effect of the fve mutations is additive to the effect of short days, and all the aspects of the Fve phenotype are corrected by vernalization. These results seem to indicate that FVE is not simply involved in timing the transition from vegetative to reproductive growth, but that it could play a role during all stages of plant development.

show abstract

“…These had been characterized as early flowering accessions, flowering at Ͻ75 d or Ͻ10 leaves (Karlsson et al, 1993;Nordborg and Bergelson, 1999) but did not contain either the Ler-or Col-type deletion alleles (Johanson et al, 2000). The sequenced region contained 573 bp upstream of the ATG putative translation start codon and 870 bp downstream of the putative translation stop codon.…”

Section: Sequence Analysis Of Fri In Early Flowering Accessionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Molecular Basis of Flowering Time Variation in Arabidopsis Accessions

et al. 2003

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Allelic variation at the FRI (FRIGIDA) and FLC (FLOWERING LOCUS C) loci are major determinants of flowering time in Arabidopsis accessions. Dominant alleles of FRI confer a vernalization requirement causing plants to overwinter vegetatively. Many early flowering accessions carry loss-of-function fri alleles containing one of two deletions. However, some accessions categorized as early flowering types do not carry these deletion alleles. We have analyzed the molecular basis of earliness in five of these accessions: Cvi, Shakhdara, Wil-2, Kondara, and Kz-9. The Cvi FRI allele carries a number of nucleotide differences, one of which causes an in-frame stop codon in the first exon. The other four accessions contain nucleotide differences that only result in amino acid substitutions. Preliminary genetic analysis was consistent with Cvi carrying a nonfunctional FRI allele; Wil-2 carrying either a defective FRI or a dominant suppressor of FRI function; and Shakhdara, Kondara, and Kz-9 carrying a functional FRI allele with earliness being caused by allelic variation at other loci including FLC. Allelic variation at FLC was also investigated in a range of accessions. A novel nonautonomous Mutator-like transposon was found in the weak FLC allele in Landsberg erecta, positioned in the first intron, a region required for normal FLC regulation. This transposon was not present in FLC alleles of most other accessions including Shakhdara, Kondara, or Kz-9. Thus, variation in Arabidopsis flowering time has arisen through the generation of nonfunctional or weak FRI and FLC alleles.The timing of the floral transition has significant consequences for the reproductive success of plants. Plants need to gauge when both environmental and endogenous cues are optimal before undergoing the switch to reproductive development. To achieve this, a complex regulatory network has evolved consisting of multiple pathways that quantitatively regulate a set of genes (the floral pathway integrators) whose activity causes the transition of the meristem to reproductive development (Simpson and Dean, 2002). As plant varieties spread, there is strong selective pressure for changes in flowering time that confer an advantage in that new environment. Arabidopsis accessions show a range of flowering strategies: Some complete their life cycle very rapidly, whereas others adopt a winter annual habit, overwintering vegetatively and flowering in the favorable conditions of spring. The genetic basis of this has been analyzed in a number of studies (Clarke et al., 1995;Jansen et al., 1995;Mitchell-Olds, 1996; Alonso-Blanco et al., 1998).Allelic variation at FRI (FRIGIDA) was found to be a major determinant of vernalization requirement and flowering time variation (Napp-Zinn, 1985; Burn et al., 1993;Lee et al., 1993;Clarke and Dean, 1994). FRI functions to increase RNA levels of the floral repressor FLC (FLOWERING LOCUS C), which represses the expression of genes required for the transition to flowering (Michaels and Amasino, 1999;Sheldon et al., 1999). FLC RNA l...

show abstract

Effects of Photoperiod and Vernalization on the Number of Leaves at Flowering in 32 Arabidopsis thaliana (Brassicaceae) Ecotypes

Cited by 47 publications

References 3 publications

Flowering Responses to Altered Expression of Phytochrome in Mutants and Transgenic Lines of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh

Flowering Responses to Altered Expression of Phytochrome in Mutants and Transgenic Lines of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh

Arabidopsis late‐flowering fve mutants are affected in both vegetative and reproductive development

Analysis of the Molecular Basis of Flowering Time Variation in Arabidopsis Accessions

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About