Effects of photoperiod and temperature on preimaginal development and summer diapause of Chrysocharis pubicornis (Zetterstedt) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), a pupal parasitoid of leafminers (Diptera: Agromyzidae)

Abstract

The preimaginal development of Chrysocharis pubicornis was studied at different temperatures and 14L:10D photoperiod. The lower developmental threshold was 7.4 and 7.2°C, and the thermal constant was 297.4 and 307.5 degree-days for males and females, respectively. The effects of combinations of different temperatures and photoperiods on larval diapause induction and termination were also examined. Larval development showed a short-day type response affected by temperature. The percentage of individuals entering diapause increased with the temperature and photoperiod. The critical photoperiod for diapause induction was between 12 and 14 h at 25°C, whereas at 15 h and 20°C the diapause rate did not reach 50% within the photoperiod range tested. Regardless of the photoperiod, diapause terminated at 15°C but was maintained at 25°C. At 20°C, 90% of individuals terminated diapause at 12 h photoperiod but only 16% at 16 h photoperiod. A significant effect of the photoperiod on the post-diapause emergence pattern of wasps was observed at 15°C. From these results, it is considered that summer diapause enables C. pubicornis to synchronize its occurrence with that of the garden pea leafminer, Chromatomyia horticola.

Biological and physiological responses of Bradysia odoriphaga 4th instar larvae to long‐term mild heat stress

“…The post-diapause development time of H. armigera pupae was 2-3 days after termination of the high-temperature treatment (Liu et al, 2006). Other insects that exhibit summer diapause have similar responses, including Adelges japonicus Monzen (Tabuchi et al, 2009), Nicrophorus quadripunctatus Kraatz (Nishimura, 2010) and Chrysocharis pubicornis Zetterstedt (Larios, 2007). B. odoriphaga 4th instar larvae clearly possess the potential capacity to survive the hot summer months in a diapause-like state, which is similar to that of Adelges japonicus Monzen (Tabuchi et al, 2009) (Gou et al, 2020;Zhu et al, 2021).…”

“…Some insects survive high summer temperatures in a summer diapause, estivation, heat dormancy or development delay (Denlinger et al, 2002(Denlinger et al, & 2014. These species include Heliothis assulta (Liu et al, 2006), Adelges japonicus (Tabuchi et al, 2009), Colaphellus bowringi (Kuang et al, 2011) and Chrysocharis pubicornis (Larios et al, 2007). Regardless of the insect adaptations used to survive adverse environmental conditions, complex biological and physiological responses are involved (Neven, 2000).…”

Laboratory induction and termination of aestivation inPlatygaster demadesWalker, an important parasitoid ofDasineura maliKieffer

“…It is suggested that 10 h light '12 8C could be a better condition for aestivation termination. Larios et al (2007) also report that in a pupal parasitoid of leafminers, Chrysocharis pubicornis (Zetterstedt), shorter day-length and lower temperature can increase aestivation termination rate.…”

“…Various studies suggest that the day-length and temperature are the major factors causing diapause in parasitoids (Tauber et al 1986;Milonas & Savopoulou-Soultani 2000;Jervis et al 2005;Larios et al 2007) although other factors, such as host and host-plant effects may also play a role (Tauber et al 1986;Boivin 1994;Polga´r & Hardie 2000). The ability to induce and terminate diapause in the laboratory has important implications for the use of parasitoids in biological control programmes (Laing & Corrigan 1995;Milonas & SavopoulouSoultani 2000;Mehrnejad and Copland 2005).…”

Efeito da idade, fotoperíodo e disponibilidade de hospedeiro no comportamento de parasitismo de Oomyzus sokolowskii Kurdjumov (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)

“…Por exemplo, Honda & Kainoh (1998) mostraram que fêmeas mais velhas do parasitóide Ascogaster reticulatus Watanabe, são capazes de depositar maior número de ovos bem como associar odores de plantas ao hospedeiro. Além disso, fatores como fotoperíodo, temperatura e disponibilidade de hospedeiros podem afetar tanto o comportamento de parasitóides, interferindo na sua atividade e capacidade de busca pelo hospedeiro, como o seu ciclo biológico, afetando sua longevidade, fecundidade e diapausa (Bai & Smith 1993, Sagarra et al 2000, Tatsumi & Takada 2005, Larios et al 2007.…”