Effects of photoperiod and feeding whole maize, whole barley, or rolled barley on growth performance and diet digestibility in veal calves

Guertin, G.; Lachance, B.; Pelletier, G.; St-Laurent, G. J.; Roy, Gaétan; Petitclerc, D.

doi:10.1016/0301-6226(95)00052-m

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…This decrease in efficiency of feed utilization could be partially due to a change in the composition of gain as calves mature; they tend to deposit more fat than lean tissue which would increase their net energy requirements for gain (Beauchemin et al 1990). Overall F/G values were similar to those reported by Guertin et al (1995).…”

Section: Animal Performancesupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Throughout the experiment, the highest DM intakes were obtained with diets containing 50 and 75% barley. Similar results have previously been reported indicating that DMI of barley was higher than that of corn (Latrille et al 1983;Bush 1989;Guertin et al 1995). However, the effects of combinations of corn and barley had not been studied.…”

Section: Animal Performancesupporting

confidence: 87%

“…It was also observed that DMI increased while DE intake decreased with increasing proportions of barley in the diet (P < 0.05; Table 4). Guertin et al (1995) found that calves fed barley increased their DMI to compensate for lower energy digestibility when compared with corn-based diets; such a phenomenon of compensation was not observed in the present experiment. y LS = level of significance, L = linear effect, Q = quadratic effect, C = cubic effect, * = P < 0.05, ** = P < 0.01. x n = 6 during phase 3. y LS = level of significance, L = linear effect , * = P < 0.05, ** = P < 0.01. x DE = digestible energy; ME (metabolizable energy) = DE × 0.86; NEm (Net energy for maintenance) = [1.37 ME -0.138 ME 2 + 0.0105 ME 3 -1.12] × 4.184, ME in kcal; NEg (Net energy for growth) = [1.42 ME -0.174 ME 2 + 0.0122 ME 3 -1.65] × 4.184, ME in kcal (Byers et al 1976;Wainman et al 1980;NRC 1989 It has been suggested that 60% of the variation found in energy digestibility results from changes in DMI; as feed intake increases, diet digestibility usually decreases (Tyrrell and Moe 1974;Galyean et al 1979).…”

Section: Diet Digestibilitycontrasting

confidence: 83%

“…Similar reductions in digestibility have previously been reported when barley was compared with corn in diets for veal calves (Latrille et al 1983;Guertin et al 1995). It was also observed that DMI increased while DE intake decreased with increasing proportions of barley in the diet (P < 0.05; Table 4).…”

Section: Diet Digestibilitysupporting

confidence: 83%

“…Observed ADG were higher than values previously reported (Latrille et al 1983;Beauchemin et al 1990;Sargeant et al 1994;Guertin et al 1995). A possible explanation for the ADG obtained in the present experiment is that dietary protein levels used were higher than those previously reported and were also greater than values recommended by the National Research Council (1989).…”

Section: Animal Performancecontrasting

confidence: 65%

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The use of corn and barley in diets for veal calves: Effects on performance, diet digestibility and carcass quality

Noon¹,

Seoane²,

Scott³

1998

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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The use of corn and barley in diets for veal calves: Effects on performance, diet digestibility and carcass quality. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 78: [351][352][353][354][355][356][357][358]. Forty Holstein bull calves (73.6 ± 6.3 kg) were used in a randomized complete block design to determine if varying the corn-to-barley ratio in the diet affects growth, diet digestibility and carcass quality of grain-fed veal calves. Five diets consisting of corn:barley ratios of 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, 0:100 were offered along with a protein supplement (43.6% CP). Grain-to-protein supplement ratios were 2:1, 3.5:1 and 5:1 for the starting, growing and finishing phases, resulting in diets of 23.5, 20.3, and 18.7% CP, respectively. Incidence of diarrhea increased with an increase in dietary barley (P < 0.05). Apparent digestibility of diets decreased as the proportion of barley increased (P < 0.01). Throughout the experiment, DMI was the highest for diets containing 75% barley and the lowest for those containing 100% corn (P < 0.01). Average daily gains behaved in a quadratic manner during the starting phase only (P < 0.01). This effect became linear during the growing and finishing phases, with ADG decreasing as dietary barley increased (P < 0.01). Average feed to gain ratio increased linearly with dietary barley content (P < 0.01). Hot carcass weights and yields decreased linearly with increasing proportions of barley (P < 0.01). Carcass color was not affected by treatments. Carcass classification tended to decrease as dietary barley increased. The results indicate that compared with barley, the use of corn improves performance and diet digestibility of grain-fed veal.Key words: Veal calves, corn, barley, starch digestion, carcass quality Noon, C. D., Seoane, J. R. et Scott, S. L. 1998. L'utilisation du maïs et de l'orge dans les rations des veaux de grain: effets sur la croissance, la digestibilité des rations et la qualité des carcasses. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 78: 351-358. Quarante veaux mâles Holstein (73,6 ± 6,3 kg) ont été utilisés dans un dispositif en blocs aléatoires afin de déterminer si différents rapports maïs:orge dans la ration affectent la croissance, la digestibilité des rations et la qualité des carcasses. Les traitements consistaient de cinq rapports maïs:orge (100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, 0:100) offerts avec un supplément protéique (43,6% PB). Les rapports grain:supplé-ment étaient de 2:1, 3,5:1 et 5:1 pour les rations de démarrage, de croissance et de finition, ce qui donnait des rations contenant 23,5%, 20,3%, and 18,7% PB, respectivement. L'ajout de l'orge aux rations a augmenté l'incidence des diarrhées (P < 0,05). La digestibilité apparente des rations diminuait lorsque la proportion d'orge augmentait (P < 0,01). Pendant la durée de l'expérience, l'ingestion de la MS était la plus élevée pour les rations contenant 75% d'orge et la moins élevée pour celles contenant 100 % de maïs (P < 0,01). Le gain moyen quotidien (GMQ) montrait un effet quadratique durant la phase de démarrage (P < 0,01). Cet effet est devenu l...

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Section: Animal Performancesupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Animal Performancesupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Diet Digestibilitycontrasting

confidence: 83%

Section: Diet Digestibilitysupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Animal Performancecontrasting

confidence: 65%

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The use of corn and barley in diets for veal calves: Effects on performance, diet digestibility and carcass quality

Noon¹,

Seoane²,

Scott³

1998

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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Photoperiodic effect on live-weight gain of bull calves

1997

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The effects of day length, of the daily change in day length and of heat load, together with age effect, on live-weight gain of Holstein-Friesian bull calves, were studied using 8205 gain records of 1019 calves that were maintained in the experimental herd at Newe Ya'ar during a 5-year period (1991 to 1995). The age range of the calves was 150 to 450 days. Effects of day length (h) and of day length change (min/day) were assumed to be linear and effect of age was assumed to be quadratic. Three heat load indexes were calculated, accounting for day temperatures above 27°C, or night temperatures above 18°C, or both, and their effect was assumed to be linear also. Random effect of calf and fixed effect of the year were also accounted for by the regression analysis. The mean gain was 1-274 kg/day. The effect of day length was 0-027 (s.e. 0-003) kg/day per h, and effect of day length change was 0-042 (s.e. 0-003) kg/day per min/day both effects being highly significant (P < 0-0001). The effects of heat load according to each of the three indexes were either not significant, or tended to be positive, which implies increased gain with increasing heat load. Effect of age was positive (P = 0-0005), and of age 2 was negative (P < 0-0001). Based on the regression model that did not include heat load effect, the peak gain was obtained on 19 May, 33 days before the longest day and the trough was obtained on 18 November, with a difference of 0-206 kg/day (proportionately 0-15 of the peak gain) between peak and trough gains. It was calculated by the regression coefficients for the photoperiod effects, that a calf that enters the feedlot at the age of 150 days and a live weight of 180 kg on 1 January, will be 23 kg heavier at the age of 350 days than a calf that enters the feedlot at the same age and weight on 1 July. This difference is reduced to 10 kg at the age of 450 days.

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Effects of heat load and photoperiod on milk yield and composition in three dairy herds in Israel

1999

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Effects of heat load and of photoperiod on lactation performance were evaluated using milk test data of three Israeli Holstein herds over a period of 3 years, from 1994 to 1996. All together 2209 cows, with 28029 milk records, were included. Photoperiod effects were examined as associated with day length and daily changes in day length and heat load index was formulated as a function of the seasonal day and night ambient temperatures, to account for the heat load effect. The regression model included effects of cow, herd, year, lactation number and days in milk in addition to the seasonal effects. The dependent variables were milk yield and fat, protein and lactose concentrations. Milk yield was affected by both photoperiod and heat load, with the peak photoperiod effect in May and amplitude of 3·1 (s.d. 0·9) kg/day and negative heat load effect of-1-8 (s.d. 0·4) kg/day at its peak. Protein concentration was affected by photoperiod, with the peak effect in January (amplitude of 1·7 (s.e. 0·5) g/kg) but not by heat load (-0-2 (s.d. 0·6) glkg). Fat concentration was affected primarily by heat load (-3-4 (s.d. 0·7) g/kg), with a photoperiod effect which peaked in October (amplitude of 1·8 (s.d. 0·8) g/kg). Lactose concentration was affected by both environmental factors to a lesser extent (photoperiod amplitude of 0·6 (s.d. 0·2) g/kg and heat load effect of-0-03 (s.d. 0·16) g/kg). Comparison of the predicted seasonal effects on milk yield and composition with the annual fluctuation in the national herd showed a good match of the predicted effects with the national observations. It is concluded that while heat load relief may be beneficial, manipulation of the photoperiod may induce adverse effects on milk yield and composition.

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Effects of photoperiod and feeding whole maize, whole barley, or rolled barley on growth performance and diet digestibility in veal calves

Cited by 7 publications

References 22 publications

The use of corn and barley in diets for veal calves: Effects on performance, diet digestibility and carcass quality

The use of corn and barley in diets for veal calves: Effects on performance, diet digestibility and carcass quality

Photoperiodic effect on live-weight gain of bull calves

Effects of heat load and photoperiod on milk yield and composition in three dairy herds in Israel

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