Effects of photobiomodulation on bone defects grafted with bone substitutes: A systematic review of in vivo animal studies

Abstract

A present, photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) effectiveness in enhancing bone regeneration in bone defects grafted with or without biomaterials is unclear. This systematic review (PROSPERO, ref. CRD 42019148959) aimed to critically appraise animal in vivo published data and present the efficacy of PBMT and its potential synergistic effects on grafted bone defects. MEDLINE, CCCT, Scopus, Science Direct, Google Scholar, EMBASE, EBSCO were searched, utilizing the following keywords: bone repair; low-level laser therapy; LLLT; light emitting diode; LEDs; photobiomodulation therapy; in vivo animal studies, bone substitutes, to identify studies between 1994 and 2019. After applying the eligibility criteria, 38 papers included where the results reported according to "PRISMA." The results revealed insufficient and incomplete PBM parameters, however, the outcomes with or without biomaterials have positive effects on bone healing. In conclusion, in vivo animal studies with a standardized protocol to elucidate the effects of PBMT on biomaterials are required initially prior to clinical studies.

Photobiomodulation Therapy on the Guided Bone Regeneration Process in Defects Filled by Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Associated with Fibrin Biopolymer

“…PBMT, through the activation of irradiated tissue, has the potential to increase the formation of new bone, usually due to the following tissue events: direct action, stimulating the proliferation of osteoblasts, decreasing osteoclastic activity, favoring the production and maturation of collagen acting on fibroblasts, stimulating bone growth factors and modulating inflammatory cytokines; indirect action, creating a favorable microenvironment for the formation of bone tissue. These facts provide better bone mineralization and increase nitric oxide, which increases vascularity and, consequently, blood and lymphatic circulation [ 27 , 35 ].…”

“…Moreover, alternative non-invasive methods have been used in tissue regeneration, such as the use of low-level laser therapy (LLLT), currently called photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ]. In the bone repair process, this therapy is known to exert analgesic anti-inflammatory effects, in addition to accelerating the regeneration process by providing cell proliferation and differentiation [ 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ]. Thus, due to the low cost in relation to commercially available products, ease of acquisition, and biocompatibility that fibrin biopolymer and biphasic calcium phosphate present, studies that correlate biomaterials with PBMT in the guided bone regeneration process are necessary, assisting the grafting procedures that are routinely performed in medicine and dentistry with extensive bone loss.…”

Utilization of 810 nm Diode Laser Treatment in Periodontitis as an Alternative to Surgical Debridement Approach

“…It should be borne in mind that each laser wavelength carries some risk of causing collateral thermal damage which varies according to the depth of penetration of the different laser wavelengths (8,9,14). Diode laser therapy results in a peripheral zone of photobiomodulation which has anti-inflammatory, analgesic and regenerative properties (20)(21)(22). Moreover, since the laser wound heals by secondary intention, unlike a surgical excision with conventional method, there would be no need for suture or periodontal pack placement, thus improving patient comfort.…”

Understanding COVID-19 Pandemic: Molecular Mechanisms and Potential Therapeutic Strategies. An Evidence-Based Review

“…Laser-PBMT Anti-inflammatory: attenuates cytokine storm at multiple levels and reduces the major inflammatory metabolites [189][190][191][192][193][194] Increases collagen and protein production, cell proliferation, normalized of impaired circulation, decreases edema and swelling, and improves quality and tensile strength of tissue [189][190][191][192][193][194] PBMT reduces pulmonary microvascular leakage, IL-1β, IL-6, and intracellular ROS. On this note, PBMT as a single or adjunct treatment modality can modulate the cytokine storm and ARDS via its anti-inflammatory action [196][197][198][199] Reduces inflammation and promotes lung healing 199,205,206 and minimizes the scarring process [189][190][191][192][193][194] Has an immunomodulator effect in improving immune functional and modulating the cellular and molecular activities of the cytokine storm of SARS-CoV-2 200,203,206 It is a safe, effective, low-cost modality without any side effects that may be combined with conventional treatment of ARDS [196][197][198][199] Minimizes the length of time needed on a ventilator, enhance the healing process, and shorten recovery time in COVID-19 patients 199,200 PBMT as a single or adjunct treatment modality can modulate the cytokine storm and ARDS via its anti-inflammatory action [196][197][198]…”

“…187,188 It is welldocumented in the scientific literature that phototherapy presents a promising noninvasive treatment modality in tissue healing and regeneration, as well in pain management. [189][190][191][192][193][194] The Rationale for Use of PBMT (Laser and LEDs) in COVID-19…”