Effects of Photobiomodulation and Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Articular Cartilage Defects in a Rabbit Model

Abstract

In terms of our research, although better healing in osteochondral defects was seen when combining BMSCs and LLLT compared with the use of BMSCs alone, this improvement was predominantly caused by new bone formation rather than new cartilage formation.

Photobiomodulation and Mandibular Advancement Modulates Cartilage Thickness and Matrix Deposition in the Mandibular Condyle

“…27 In other words, PBM does not seem to be able to promote condylar cartilage growth, but it prepares the tissue for bone formation, at least in the evaluated period. Fekrazad et al 28 described similar effects on joint cartilage defects in rabbits, showing that PBM does not increase cartilage but promotes bone formation. Long-term studies could demonstrate whether PBM consolidates bone formation in the mandibular condyle.…”

“…A power meter (Laser Check; MM Optics, São Carlos, Brazil) was used to determine the laser output power before each irradiation. The parameters used are based on previous studies 28 and were as the following: wavelength: 780 nm; power output: 40 mW; spot size: 0.04 cm 2 ; power density: 1 W/cm 2 ; energy density: 10 J/cm 2 ; one point of irradiation for each TMJ; energy/point: 0.4 J; and duration of irradiation: 10 sec/point. As laser applications were performed for 8 alternate days, then the total accumulated energy per point was 3.2 J (Table 1).…”

Articular Cartilage Regeneration: An Update of Possible Treatment Approaches

“…As well, the application of appropriately timed biophysical stimuli when engineering neocartilage [7] , and one less well studied related topic, examining upstream factors that can be harnessed to protect articular cartilage may help to avert progressive cartilage deterioration and degradation, and/or to produce functional cartilage. As well, the possible use of multiple, rather than single therapeutic strategies to attenuate the disease process [15] , including joint protection efforts in the face of attempts to stimulate neocartilage might prove especially helpful, as might careful mechanical or electrical stimulation of the affected osteoarthritic joint or both [102][103][104][105][106][107][108][109][110][111][112] .…”

“…Others are, eliminating or reducing any obvious structural deformities, maximizing muscle and joint function, careful placement of any implants, and in recognition of the structure of the diseased tissue, possible enzymatic control to reduce immunogenic responses [64] . The use of weight-bearing activities that match the repair tissue biomechanical properties [65] , pulsed electromagnetic fields and other remedies to quell pain, and joint swelling, in addition to harnessing the multilineage differentiation capacity of osteoarthritis multipotent progenitor cells [42] , or mixing adult and juvenile cartilage fragments [67] and introducing early exercise loading following graft implantation [102] , laser therapy [104][105][106][107][108] , may also favor the initiation of desirable chondrocyte reparative processes.…”

New insight into functional limb regeneration: A to Z approaches

“…A number of studies indicate that MSCs hold immunomodulatory effects, which suggests that even allogeneic transplantation would not trigger the host immune response (Shi, Liu, & Wang, ). Although MSCs transplantation has been performed for different diseased tissues (Emadedin et al, ; Fekrazad et al, ; Fekrazad et al, ), it is rarely applied in limb regeneration. Masaki et al designed an experiment in neonatal mice to compare the application of BM‐MSCs and limb bud transplantation into amputated limbs.…”