Effects of phosphate on the dispersion stability and coagulation/flocculation/sedimentation removal efficiency of anatase nanoparticles

Investigation of the Effects of Anode Geometry on the Electrochemical Degradation of Ni-Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid Complexes Using Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation

“…While EDTA assists the electroplating process, its presence results in the generation of large amounts of wastewater containing Ni-EDTA complexes . The low biodegradability of EDTA renders the biological treatment of these wastewaters difficult while the high strength of the Ni-EDTA complex negates the use of conventional physicochemical wastewater techniques such as chemical precipitation − and coagulation and flocculation. , An alternative approach to the treatment of such wastewaters is to utilize electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs) with hydroxyl radicals generated at the anode used to degrade the ligand (EDTA) with subsequent recovery of the liberated metal (Ni) at the cathode. − While the costs of commonly used anodic materials, such as boron-doped diamond (BDD), are excessive, recent studies have shown that PbO 2 , electrodeposited as a coating layer on a Ti substrate is a suitable anodic material in view of its low cost, promising oxidation performance, and catalytic ability …”

Anions influence the extraction of rutile nanoparticles from synthetic and lake water

“…Domingos et al (2010) studied the effects of both cations and anions but reported only the individual effects of those ions in isolation. 23 PO 4 3À has been shown to destabilize TiO 2 NPs when the ionic strength is high; 24,25 however, the NP surface charge remained unchanged, which is contrary to the conventional models of NP destabilization. Thus, although there are several studies on the destabilization of NPs in aquatic environments, some questions remain about the interaction and competition between different ions and between ions and organic matter.…”

Water Treatment and Desalination

“…Near the sludge level on the bottom of the tank, the particle concentrations in the settled water amplify, and taking into consideration settling velocities can make bigger difference due to the accumulation of suspended particles. Typical retention time for sedimentation process diverges from 1.5 to 4 hours and tank depth varies from 10 to 15 ft. (3-4.5 m) [11].…”

“…Amorphous metallic hydroxides are regarded as "floc." Amorphous aluminum and iron(III) large hydroxide molecules adsorb and tangle suspended particles, leading to an easier removal of particles through consequent methods like filtration and sedimentation [6][7][8][9][10][11].…”