Effects of phenoxyacetic acids on the induction of chromosome aberrations in vitro and in vivo

Abstract

The effects of phenoxyacetic acid herbicides were investigated on the induction of chromosome aberrations in human peripheral lymphocyte cultures in vitro and in lymphocytes of exposed workers in vivo. Pure 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D; 0.125, 0.150, 0.200 and 0.350 mM) did not increase the number of aberrations, whereas the commercial 2,4-D formulation (0.125, 0.250, 0.500, 1.000 and 1.250 mM, with respect to phenoxyacetic acid concentration) significantly increased the number of chromosome aberrations in vitro (without exogenous metabolic activation). The phenoxy acid levels in the breathing zone of the workers varied between 0.3 and 0.4 mg/m3, and the concentrations of phenoxyacetic acids in the urine of the workers after exposure varied from 0.000 to 0.055 mmol/l. There were no increases in chromosome aberrations in peripheral lymphocytes of the exposed subjects.

Genotoxicity of select herbicides inRana catesbeiana tadpoles using the alkaline single-cell gel DNA electrophoresis (comet) assay

“…Using the bacterial reversion assay, Moriya et al [1983] found metribuzin, in the commercial form of Lex-2,4-D to be genotoxic. In cultured human lymphocytes, Mustonen et al [1986] reported a significantly increased one, to be nonmutagenic. Metribuzin was reported to have relatively moderate genotoxic activity compared with number of chromosomal aberrations using a commercial formulation of 2,4-D but none with ''purified'' 2,4-D. other pesticides using the SOS microplate assay [Venkat et al, 1995].…”

Pesticides: Genotoxic Risk of Occupational Exposure

“…Other positive results did not find correlation between the exposure time and the CA induction (Rita et al, 1987;Rupa et al, 1988, 1989b, 1991a, El-Ghazali et al, 1990Kourakis et al, 1992;Scarpato et al, 1996;Amr, 1999;Au, 1999;Antonucci & de Syllos Colus, 2000;Lander et al, 2000;Paz-yMiño et al, 2002;Sailaja et al, 2006); meanwhile others authors although also found positive frequency of CA but did not determined this correlation (Nehéz et al, 1988;Jabloniká et al, 1989;De Ferrari et al, 1991;Carbonell et al, 1995;Mohammad et al, 1995;Kourakis et al, 1996;Lander et al, 2000;Garaj-Vrhovac & Zeljezic, 2001, 2002Ascarrunz et al, 2006;Ergene et al, 2007;Mañas et al, 2009). As well negative results have been obtained (Mustonen et al, 1986;Steenland et al, 1986;Hoyos et al, 1996;D'Arce & de Syllos Colus, 2000;Costa et al, 2006).…”

Herbicides in Argentina. Comparative Evaluation of the Genotoxic and Cytotoxic Effects on Mammalian Cells Exerted by Auxinic Members

“…Both González et al (2005) and Soloneski et al (2007) demonstrated the ability of the herbicide to induce sister-chromatid exchanges (SCEs) in CHO cells and human lymphocytes treated in vitro, respectively. An increased frequency of chromosomal aberrations was reported in V79 cells and human lymphocytestreated in vitro in the presence/absence of rat liver metabolic activation system (Pavlica et al, 1991;Zeljezic & Garaj-Vrhovac, 2004) but not when the S9 fraction was absent (Mustonen et al, 1986). Zeljezic and Garaj-Vrhovac (2004) reported the induction of micronuclei in human lymphocytes regardless of the presence or absence of S9 fraction.…”