Effects of phenol on the properties of pitch produced thermally from the petroleum vacuum residue

Predictive correlations for thermal upgrading of petroleum residues

“…The training data required to establish the correlative models were taken from studies implemented at different temperatures, pressures, residence times, and types of feed (long and short residues and some asphaltenes separated from crude oils) reported in the literature, including [4,10,[12][13][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34] for the resid yield, [4, 10, 12-13, 21-23, 25-35] for the liquid yield, [4, 6, 10, 12-13, 21-23, 25-40] for the yield of distillate in terms of conversion (resid yield), [4, 10, 12-13, 21-23, 25-35] for the gas yield, [4, 12-13, 21-22, 31-35] for the yield of heavy gas oil, and [22-23, 25, 29-30, 32-34, 41] for the liquid sulfur concentration. Parts of the information obtained from the literature with incomplete or no feed specifications reported therein [3,7,20,[42][43][44][45][46][47][48] or those employing hydrotreated residues [49] were excluded from the modeling.…”