Effects of pharmaceutical care interventions on humanistic outcomes in hypertensive people living with HIV: results of a randomized controlled trial

Abstract

Objectives To evaluate the effects of pharmaceutical care (PC) interventions on humanistic outcomes in HIV-positive patients with hypertension. Methods This prospective, open-label, parallel randomized controlled trial was conducted in the HIV clinic of the University of Uyo Teaching Hospital, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria, from August 2018 to October 2019. Eligible patients were randomized sequentially and equally into two study arms: the control arm (CA), where participants received the traditional care and the intervention arm (IA), where participants received PC by the research pharmacist. The patient’s HIV knowledge questionnaire, the Hypertension Knowledge-Level Scale, the Medical Outcome Study-HIV Health Survey and the Patient Satisfaction with Pharmaceutical Service questionnaire were used to assess participants’ HIV-related knowledge, hypertension-related knowledge, health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and satisfaction with PC, respectively. These were self-completed at baseline, 6 months and 12 months. Data were analysed using SPSS (IBM version 25.0). Key findings Out of the 206 participants randomized, 182 completed the 12-month follow-up. After 12 months, there was a significant improvement in HIV-related knowledge (∆ = 11.28%, t(180) = 4.41, P < 0.001) and hypertension-related knowledge (∆ = 5.94%, t(180) = 3.25, P = 0.001) in the IA over and above those observed in the CA. Similarly, PC interventions led to significant improvements in HRQoL (∆ = 6.5%, t(180) = 5.50, P < 0.001) and satisfaction with PC in the IA (∆ = 18.12%, t(180) = 11.85, P < 0.001) at the end of the study. Conclusions PC significantly improved humanistic outcomes in HIV-positive patients with hypertension after a 12-month intervention.

Effectiveness of integrated chronic care models for cardiometabolic multimorbidity in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis

“…Overall, the certainties of the evidence for SBP, HbA1c, depression, medication adherence and quality of life were downgraded to moderate. This was due to the high risk of bias, imprecision and clinically insignificant effect sizes in the included studies 43–53…”

“…One study included five of the six elements of the chronic care model 43. Three studies included three elements48 51 52 and six enclosed two elements 45–47 49 50 53. All the studies included delivery system design except one.…”

“…Two studies assessed the effect of integrated care on hypertension medication adherence 45 50. One study reported the effect of integrated versus standard care health-related quality of life (HRQoL) 45.…”

“…Two studies assessed the effect of integrated care on hypertension medication adherence 45 50. One study reported the effect of integrated versus standard care health-related quality of life (HRQoL) 45. In a study by Rabkin et al ,50 integrated care conferred a higher likelihood of hypertension medication adherence than standard care (relative risk=1.28 (95% CI 1.10 to 1.47)).…”

MAP kinase and plant–pathogen interactions govern male Zizania latifolia responses to Ustilago esculenta during the early stages of infection

“…Microsoft Excel 2016 software (Microsoft Corp., Redmond, WA, USA) was used for basic processing of test data, IBM SPSS statistics 25 software (Jackson and Ukwe, 2022) was used for analysis of variance (p ≤ 0.05 indicated statistical significance), and SigmaPlot 14.0 (Khata et al, 2019) and Origin 2019b 32bit (Rusnac et al, 2021) were used for mapping.…”