Effects of pH on weak and positive control mutagens in the Ames Salmonella plate assay

Popkin, David J.; Prival, Michael J.

doi:10.1016/0165-7992(85)90049-1

Cited by 12 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The S-9 concentration in the S-9 mix was 5% (v/v), and 0.5 ml of S-9 mix was added per plate. In experiments examining the influence of the assay pH on mutagenicity, the base agar pH was adjusted to either 6, 7, or 8 using the method of Popkin and Prival [1985]; the top agar pH was also adjusted by adding 0.5 ml per plate of 0.1 M sodium phosphate buffers of either pH 6, 7, or 8. All experiments were done using triplicate plates per dose and were repeated on a separate day.…”

Section: Assay For Mutagenic Activity In Salmonellamentioning

confidence: 99%

Mutagenic and clastogenic properties of 3‐chloro‐4‐(dichloromethyl)‐5‐hydroxy‐2 (5H)‐furanone: A potent bacterial mutagen in drinking water

Meier

Blazak

Knohl

1987

Environ and Mol Mutagen

148

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3-Chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (MX) was found to be a direct-acting mutagen in the Ames test for strains TA1535, TA1538, TA92, TA97, TA98, TA100 and TA102. The highest mutagenic response (approximately 13,000 revertants/nmol) was seen in strain TA100. The TA100 response was six- to tenfold higher than in TA98, TA97, and TA102, and 100- to 500-fold higher than in TA1535, TA92, and TA1538. The addition of a 9,000 x g supernatant fraction (S-9) from livers of polychlorinated biphenyl-treated rats, along with cofactors for NADPH generation, resulted in a 90% reduction in the TA100 mutagenicity. MX induced chromosomal aberrations in Chinese hamster ovary cells after 6-8 hr exposure without S-9 at a dose as low as 4 micrograms/ml, and after 2 hr exposure with S-9 at a dose of 75 micrograms/ml. The oral dose of MX lethal to 50% (LD50) in Swiss-Webster mice was determined to be 128 mg/kg. MX did not induce micronuclei in mouse bone marrow when administered by oral gavage at doses up to 70% of the LD50.

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Section: Assay For Mutagenic Activity In Salmonellamentioning

confidence: 99%

Mutagenic and clastogenic properties of 3‐chloro‐4‐(dichloromethyl)‐5‐hydroxy‐2 (5H)‐furanone: A potent bacterial mutagen in drinking water

Meier

Blazak

Knohl

1987

Environ and Mol Mutagen

148

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“…BP-3 exhibits a number of toxicological behaviors ranging from the molecular level to multi-organ system pathologies (Gilbert et al 2012). Benzophenones, including BP-3, are documented mutagens that increase the rate of damage to DNA, especially when exposed to sunlight (Popkin and Prival 1985;Zeiger et al 1987;Knowland et al 1993;NTP 2006). BP-3 produced a positive mutagenic response by inducing the umu operon (genotoxicity assay Nakajima et al 2006).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicopathological Effects of the Sunscreen UV Filter, Oxybenzone (Benzophenone-3), on Coral Planulae and Cultured Primary Cells and Its Environmental Contamination in Hawaii and the U.S. Virgin Islands

Downs¹,

Kramarsky‐Winter

Segal

et al. 2015

Arch Environ Contam Toxicol

455

354

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Toxicity persistence to the nontarget amphipod Hyalella curvispina in runoff events following chlorpyrifos applications to soy experimental plots was compared in conventional and no-till management. Two application scenarios were compared: an early-season application with the soil almost bare and a late-season application after the foliage had attained complete soil cover. H. curvispina was exposed to chlorpyrifos using two different test systems: a short-term (48 h) runoff water exposure and a long-term (10 days) soil exposure. Both commonly used crop management practices for soybean production resulted in runoff toxicity following pesticide applications and represent a toxicity risk for adjacent inland waters. Toxicity persistence was longer after the earlier than the late season application, likely because of higher volatilization and photodecomposition losses from the soy canopy than from the soil. For the early-season application, toxicity persisted longer in the no-till plots than in the conventional tillage plots. Suspended matter was higher in the conventional treatment. Chlorpyrifos sorption to suspended matter likely contributed to the shorter persistence. For the late-season application, toxicity persisted longer in the conventional treatment. The causes remain conjectural. The soil organic carbon content was higher in the no-till treatment. Sorption to organic matter might have contributed to the shorter chlorpyrifos toxicity persistence in no-till management. Late applications are more frequent and prevail longer throughout the soy growing season. Overall, the no-till management practice seems preferably because shorter toxicity persistence in runoff represents a lower environmental risk for the adjacent inland waters.

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“…The numbers of revertants per plate were eventually counted. For agar plate incorporation, a modified Vogel-Bonner medium was prepared as described by Popkin and Prival [24]. A 50X salt solution (10 g MgS04.7H20, 100 g citric acid *H20, 500 g K2HP04 and 175 g NaN&HP04*4H*O in 670 ml distilled water) was prepared and 10 ml was added to 220 ml of distilled water.…”

Section: S Typhimurium Mutagenesis Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Sublethal pH decrease may cause genetic damage to eukaryotic cell: A study on sea urchins and Salmonella typhimurium

Cipollaro¹,

Corsale²,

Esposito³

et al. 1986

Teratog Carcinog Mutagen

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Further evidence is reported here of genetic and developmental damage that can be induced by a sublethal pH decrease. The effects of three inorganic acids (HCl, H2SO4, and H3PO4) on embryos and sperm from the sea urchins Sphaerechinus granularis and Paracentrotus lividus were evaluated. In addition, acidification of the medium was tested for spontaneous reversion to His+ prototrophy in Salmonella typhimurium (strains TA97, TA98, TA100, TA102, TA1535) up to toxic levels, by both liquid incubation and agar plate incorporation. The induction of developmental and mitotic abnormalities in S. granularis confirmed our previous observations on P. lividus. Embryotoxicity was exerted in S. granularis more severely by H3PO4 than by HCl or H2SO4 (pH 7 to 6), while the induction of mitotic abnormalities appeared at a pH of less than or equal to 6.5 irrespective of the acids used. By suspending S. granularis or P. lividus sperm in acidified filtered seawater (fsw) and then inseminating the eggs in natural fsw (pH = 8.0), the offspring showed developmental and mitotic abnormalities. Low-pH-induced spermiotoxicity was ruled out in our experiments, since fertilization success of acid-exposed sperm was actually enhanced, as compared to sperm suspended in untreated fsw. The exposure of S. typhimurium to different pH's (ranging from 4 to 9) invariably failed to induce any changes in reversion rates, regardless of the acids (or alkali) being used. These results suggest that extracellular acidification may cause sublethal damage that in turn leads to an impairment of mitotic activity and cell differentiation.

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Effects of pH on weak and positive control mutagens in the Ames Salmonella plate assay

Cited by 12 publications

References 16 publications

Mutagenic and clastogenic properties of 3‐chloro‐4‐(dichloromethyl)‐5‐hydroxy‐2 (5H)‐furanone: A potent bacterial mutagen in drinking water

Mutagenic and clastogenic properties of 3‐chloro‐4‐(dichloromethyl)‐5‐hydroxy‐2 (5H)‐furanone: A potent bacterial mutagen in drinking water

Toxicopathological Effects of the Sunscreen UV Filter, Oxybenzone (Benzophenone-3), on Coral Planulae and Cultured Primary Cells and Its Environmental Contamination in Hawaii and the U.S. Virgin Islands

Sublethal pH decrease may cause genetic damage to eukaryotic cell: A study on sea urchins and Salmonella typhimurium

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