Effects of pH and Cations on the Germination Induction of Phycomyces Spores with Carboxylic Acids

Mulders, Raymond M. Van; Laere, André J. Van; Verbeke, Marc N.

doi:10.1016/s0015-3796(86)80078-6

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Similar results have been obtained using other species (e.g. Van Mulders et al, 1986;Brooks and Mitchell, 1988;Tilsner and Upadhyaya, 1989). For low molecular weight weak acids such as nitrite, azide and cyanide, activity can be related better to molecular size than to lipophilicity.…”

Section: Chemical Structure and Physiological Activitysupporting

confidence: 83%

Chemical mechanisms of breaking seed dormancy

Cohn

1996

SSR

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Features of chemicals which break seed dormancy and the mechanisms of their action are discussed with reference to results obtained with red rice (Oryza sativa) and other relevant research. The significance of chemical structure, including the nature and location of functional groups, is considered, and the fact that similar structures can elicit different biochemical responses is illustrated with examples. As yet it is unclear whether changes in cell pH, highly correlated with the uptake of, and metabolism to, weak acids, and which some consider a possible trigger or marker in dormancy breaking, are causative, consequential or merely correlative. Uptake and metabolism of dormancy-breaking compounds is, or can be, very rapid and the importance of establishing the time course of dormancy-breaking, as opposed to germination events, is emphasized.

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Section: Chemical Structure and Physiological Activitysupporting

confidence: 83%

Chemical mechanisms of breaking seed dormancy

Cohn

1996

SSR

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“…Indeed, acetate, propionate and butyrate [26,29,38] are good activators of the spores, both during pretreatment or when included in the culture medium. Also, several other monocarboxylic acids, such as formate, monofluoroacetate, trifluoroacetate, acrylate, isobutyrate, valerate and isovalerate can activate the spores, but their stimulatory effect is highly dependent on the pH of the medium and the counter-ion available [39]. This might explain some of the contradictory results reported previously with some of these 191 acids [18,26,38].…”

Section: Chemicalsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Perhaps the effect of these products can be traced back to the presence of monocarboxylic acids. Also, several other monocarboxylic acids, such as formate, monofluoroacetate, trifluoroacetate, acrylate, isobutyrate, valerate and isovalerate can activate the spores, but their stimulatory effect is highly dependent on the pH of the medium and the counter-ion available [39]. Also, several other monocarboxylic acids, such as formate, monofluoroacetate, trifluoroacetate, acrylate, isobutyrate, valerate and isovalerate can activate the spores, but their stimulatory effect is highly dependent on the pH of the medium and the counter-ion available [39].…”

Section: Chemicalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemistry of spore germination in Phycomyces

Laere¹

1986

FEMS Microbiology Letters

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The constitutionally dormant spores of Phycomyces blakesleeanus can be activated by heat shock or treatment with several monocarboxylic acids. Activation is followed first by a general stimulation of metabolism, e.g. respiration, protein‐, RNA‐ and cell‐wall synthesis, and subsequently by nuclear division and germ‐tube emergence. Initial germination is not dependent on RNA synthesis and can even start without protein synthesis. The first common effect of different activating treatments is a transient rise in cyclic AMP (cAMP) content, caused by a change in phosphodiesterase activity after heat activation, and by unknown factors during activation by acids. cAMP transiently activates trehalase and glycerol‐3‐phosphatase in the spores. The activation of these enzymes causes a quick turnover of trehalose into glycerol. During the same period, the water status of the cells is altered so dramatically that perhaps this may explain at least part of the stimulation of metabolism in the germinating spore.

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“…Very few vegetative spores of Phycomyces germinate after they are inoculated into a minimal medium in which growth and differentiation occur (28). Spore dormancy can be broken by various treatments, including exposure to heat, acetate, propionate, or other chemicals, some of which cannot be metabolized and others of which are toxic (29,36,38). The ger mutants of Phycomyces, isolated for decreased acetate or propionate spore activation, also are less responsive to activation with heat and do not exhibit the transient increase in the cyclic AMP level that immediately follows such treatments in wild-type spores.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Modification of Sexual Development and Carotene Production by Acetate and Other Small Carboxylic Acids in Blakeslea trispora and Phycomyces blakesleeanus

Kuzina

Cerdá‐Olmedo

2006

Appl Environ Microbiol

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In Phycomyces blakesleeanus and Blakeslea trispora (order Mucorales, class Zygomycetes), sexual interaction on solid substrates leads to zygospore development and to increased carotene production (sexual carotenogenesis). Addition of small quantities of acetate, propionate, lactate, or leucine to mated cultures on minimal medium stimulated zygospore production and inhibited sexual carotenogenesis in both Phycomyces and Blakeslea. In Blakeslea, the threshold acetate concentration was <1 mmol/liter for both effects, and the concentrations that had one-half of the maximal effect were <2 mmol/liter for carotenogenesis and >7 mmol/liter for zygosporogenesis. The effects on Phycomyces were similar, but the concentrations of acetate had to be multiplied by ca. 3 to obtain the same results. Inhibition of sexual carotenogenesis by acetate occurred normally in Phycomyces mutants that cannot use acetate as a carbon source and in mutants whose dormant spores cannot be activated by acetate. Small carboxylic acids may be signals that, independent of their ability to trigger spore germination in Phycomyces, modify metabolism and development during the sexual cycle of Phycomyces and Blakeslea, uncoupling two processes that were thought to be linked and mediated by a common mechanism.

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Effects of pH and Cations on the Germination Induction of Phycomyces Spores with Carboxylic Acids

Cited by 7 publications

References 19 publications

Chemical mechanisms of breaking seed dormancy

Chemical mechanisms of breaking seed dormancy

Biochemistry of spore germination in Phycomyces

Modification of Sexual Development and Carotene Production by Acetate and Other Small Carboxylic Acids in Blakeslea trispora and Phycomyces blakesleeanus

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