Effects of pesticides on exposure and susceptibility to parasites can be generalised to pesticide class and type in aquatic communities

Rumschlag, Samantha L.; Halstead, Neal T.; Hoverman, Jason T.; Raffel, Thomas R.; Carrick, Hunter J.; Hudson, Peter J.; Rohr, Jason R.

doi:10.1111/ele.13253

Cited by 38 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 54 publications

(70 reference statements)

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“…In the U.S. and Europe, tens of thousands of synthetic chemicals are registered, and in the U.S. >350 pesticides are applied annually 6 , 7 . If the effects of pesticides are consistent within ‘pesticide classes’ (those with similar chemical structures) or ‘pesticide types’ (those targeting similar pests), then the complexity in predicting impacts of pesticides could be markedly reduced 8 , 9 . Such consistency would improve efficiency of risk assessment and allow a greater focus on exceptions to general patterns.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consistent effects of pesticides on community structure and ecosystem function in freshwater systems

et al. 2020

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Predicting ecological effects of contaminants remains challenging because of the sheer number of chemicals and their ambiguous role in biodiversity-ecosystem function relationships. We evaluate responses of experimental pond ecosystems to standardized concentrations of 12 pesticides, nested in four pesticide classes and two pesticide types. We show consistent effects of herbicides and insecticides on ecosystem function, and slightly less consistent effects on community composition. Effects of pesticides on ecosystem function are mediated by alterations in the abundance and community composition of functional groups. Through bottom-up effects, herbicides reduce respiration and primary productivity by decreasing the abundance of phytoplankton. The effects of insecticides on respiration and primary productivity of phytoplankton are driven by top-down effects on zooplankton composition and abundance, but not richness. By demonstrating consistent effects of pesticides on communities and ecosystem functions and linking pesticide-induced changes in functional groups of organisms to ecosystem functions, the study suggests that ecological risk assessment of registered chemicals could be simplified to synthetic chemical classes or types and groups of organisms with similar functions and chemical toxicities.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consistent effects of pesticides on community structure and ecosystem function in freshwater systems

et al. 2020

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“…Further, predicting the effects of pesticides could be simplified if organisms that are taxonomically related or share similar functional roles within an ecosystem have similarities in their responses to pesticides, a trend that has been shown in previous toxicological research (Ippolito et al 2012;Hua & Relyea 2014). For example, our previous research has shown consistency in the effects of pesticides by class and type on parasite transmission, ecosystem functions, and macroinvertebrate and amphibian communities (Rumschlag et al 2019(Rumschlag et al , 2020. In addition, organisms that share functional roles in a community have been shown to respond similarly to types and classes of pesticides (Rumschlag et al 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Respiration was calculated as DO at dusk minus DO at dawn from the following day. Three previous manuscripts, which use the same design as the current manuscript, also describe this experimental design and methods in detail (Rohr et al 2008;Rumschlag et al 2019Rumschlag et al , 2020.…”

Section: Measurement Of Experimental Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While these 5 tests have been crucial in uncovering mechanisms of toxicity and are the basis of chemical regulation around the world, they often fail to predict the complex suite of effects that occur when pesticides enter freshwater systems (Gessner & Tlili 2016;Rohr et al 2016;Bernhardt et al 2017). For instance, traditional toxicological tests that focus on single pesticides and single organisms under controlled conditions ignore indirect effects of pesticides mediated through species interactions and food web structures (Kidd et al 2014;Rumschlag et al 2019). Instead, if the focus is on assessing the safety of pesticides on ecological systems, more realistic experimental conditions, like those of replicated field-based mesocosm experiments, should be incorporated into a framework of risk assessment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pesticide-induced Alterations to Phytoplankton Abundance and Community Structure Alter Ecosystem Respiration: Implications for the Carbon Cycle?

Rumschlag

Cassamatta

Mahon

et al. 2020

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Predictions of the effects of synthetic chemicals on freshwater ecosystems are hampered by the diversity of contaminants and organisms in these systems and uncertainties about how contaminants alter ecosystem metabolism. We conducted a mesocosm experiment to elucidate the responses of ponds composed of phytoplankton and zooplankton to standardized concentrations of 12 pesticides, nested within four pesticide classes and two pesticide types. The effects of the pesticides on algae were consistent within herbicides and insecticides and responses of >70 phytoplankton species/genera were consistent within taxonomic groups. Insecticides generated top-down effects on phytoplankton composition and abundance, which led to increases in ecosystem respiration. Herbicides reduced phytoplankton abundance, which led to decreases in primary productivity and ecosystem respiration. Widespread pesticide use could have underexplored implications for the global carbon cycle. While effects on ecosystem respiration were mediated through complex effects on communities, taxonomic groups of organisms responded similarly to pesticide types, suggesting opportunities to simplify ecological risk assessment.

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“…In the U.S. and Europe, tens of thousands of synthetic chemicals are registered, and in the U.S. >350 pesticides are applied annually ( 3 ). If the effects of pesticides are consistent within ‘pesticide classes’ (those with similar chemical structures) or ‘pesticide types’ (those targeting similar pests), then the complexity in predicting impacts of pesticides could be markedly reduced ( 4 ). Such consistency would improve efficiency of risk assessment and allow a greater focus on exceptions to general patterns.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Consistent Effects of Pesticides on Community Structure and Ecosystem Function in Freshwater Systems

Rumschlag

Mahon

Hoverman³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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20Predicting ecological effects of contaminants remains challenging because of the sheer number 21 of chemicals and their ambiguous role in biodiversity-ecosystem function relationships. We 22 evaluated responses of pond ecosystems to standardized concentrations of 12 pesticides, nested 23 in four pesticide classes and two pesticide types. We show consistent effects of herbicides and 24 insecticides on ecosystem function, but slightly less consistent effects on community 25 composition. Effects of pesticides on ecosystem functions were often mediated by changes to 26 biodiversity, and our analyses show that consistency in effects of pesticide types on functions 27 was driven by functional redundancy among species. These results suggest that risk assessment 28 of the thousands of registered chemicals on ecosystem responses could be simplified to a smaller 29 number of chemical groups and to groups of functionally redundant taxa. 30 Freshwater systems are the most biodiverse in the world and provide important 31 ecosystem services (1), yet they are imperiled by pesticide contamination (2). Two major 32 challenges, among many, impede prediction of responses of freshwater ecosystems to pesticides. 33First, the extent to which individual pesticides have consistent effects on ecosystem functions 34 and biodiversity is unknown. In the U.S. and Europe, tens of thousands of synthetic chemicals 35 are registered, and in the U.S. >350 pesticides are applied annually (3). If the effects of pesticides 36 are consistent within 'pesticide classes' (those with similar chemical structures) or 'pesticide 37 types' (those targeting similar pests), then the complexity in predicting impacts of pesticides 38 could be markedly reduced (4). Such consistency would improve efficiency of risk assessment 39 and allow a greater focus on exceptions to general patterns. Second, the role of pesticides in 40 biodiversity-ecosystem function relationships has not been elucidated (5). Historically, random 41 and direct manipulations of single-trophic level communities and measurement of associated 42 ecosystem processes (6) have established causality between biodiversity and ecosystem function 43 (7). However, this approach overlooks the importance of anthropogenic factors, whose 44 influences on communities are far from random (8), alter multiple trophic levels (9), and occur 45 via direct and indirect pathways (5). 46In an effort to suggest improvements to risk assessment, the objectives of the current 47 study were to: 1) evaluate the consistency of effects across pesticide types, classes, and 48 individual pesticides on ecosystem processes and communities, 2) assess whether the effects of 49 pesticides on ecosystem processes and communities were the result of sublethal, non-target 50 effects or changes in abundance of 'targeted taxa', and 3) determine if disruptions in ecosystem 51 processes from pesticides were mediated by changes in biodiversity. We propose three 52 hypotheses. First, ecosystem processes respond consistently to different...

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Effects of pesticides on exposure and susceptibility to parasites can be generalised to pesticide class and type in aquatic communities

Cited by 38 publications

References 54 publications

Consistent effects of pesticides on community structure and ecosystem function in freshwater systems

Consistent effects of pesticides on community structure and ecosystem function in freshwater systems

Pesticide-induced Alterations to Phytoplankton Abundance and Community Structure Alter Ecosystem Respiration: Implications for the Carbon Cycle?

Consistent Effects of Pesticides on Community Structure and Ecosystem Function in Freshwater Systems

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