Effects of perinatal visual stimulation on preference, growth, and mortality in African clawed frogs (Xenopus Laevis)

Abstract

Two exploratory experiments examined the effects of flashing light stimulation on growth, mortality, and behavioral preferences of Xenopus laevis tadpoles. Experiment 1 showed that tadpoles exposed to continuous visual stimulation, from egg-laying through postnatal day 40, had significantly higher mortality rates and weighed significantly less than controls. In contrast to controls, experimental tadpoles showed a preference for visual stimulation throughout early development. Results support the notion that augmented visual stimulation during early development affects species-typical development and the creation of postnatal preferences. Experiment 2 exposed subjects to propranolol in their water to investigate a potential sympathetic nervous system (SNS) mechanism responsible for the previous results. Tadpoles exposed to propranolol and visual stimulation simultaneously did not show a preference for the visual stimulation. Although this preliminary finding suggests SNS involvement, this notion deserves further investigation.

Prenatal sensory experience affects hatching behavior in domestic chicks (Gallus gallus) and Japanese quail chicks (Coturnix coturnix japonica)

“…Hatching research also demonstrates that high levels of stimulation can interfere with species‐typical embryonic viability. Substantially enhanced visual stimulation decreased hatching rates in African clawed frogs (Mann & Sleigh, ), and substantially enhanced auditory stimulation decreased hatching rates in bobwhite quail embryos (Sleigh & Lickliter, ). In the same way, substantially attenuating sensory stimulation during the prenatal period can interfere with species‐typical outcomes.…”