Effects of perinatal alcohol on sexual differentiation and open-field behavior in rats

Chen, Jeanette J.; Smith, Erla R.

doi:10.1016/0018-506x(79)90040-0

Cited by 45 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The alcohol diet used induces a mean consumption of approximately 12 g of ethanol/kg of body weight/day by the dam, yielding maternal blood alcohol levels of about 150 mg/dl (Ward et al, 1996a). Our findings are in agreement with other studies that report that gonadally intact males derived from dams exposed to alcohol during pregnancy ejaculate normally (Chen and Smith, 1979;Dahlgren, Eriksson, Gustafsson, Harthon, Hård, and Larsson, 1989;Hård, Dahlgren, Engel, Larsson, Liljequist, Lindh, and Musi, 1984;McGivern et al, 1998;Ward et al, 1996a). It is in combination with stress that alcohol exposure has a consistently depressant effect on male copulatory behavior.…”

Section: Effects Of Prenatal Alcohol Alonesupporting

confidence: 90%

Androgen Threshold to Activate Copulation Differs in Male Rats Prenatally Exposed to Alcohol, Stress, or Both Factors

Ward

Bennett

Ward

et al. 1999

Hormones and Behavior

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Section: Effects Of Prenatal Alcohol Alonesupporting

confidence: 90%

Androgen Threshold to Activate Copulation Differs in Male Rats Prenatally Exposed to Alcohol, Stress, or Both Factors

Ward

Bennett

Ward

et al. 1999

Hormones and Behavior

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“…At birth, PAE males exhibit decreased brain and plasma testosterone, and deficits in testicular steroidogenic enzyme activity compared with control pups (125, 126). In addition, PAE neonates exhibit a decreased anogenital distance compared to controls, suggesting feminisation (127–130). In adulthood, PAE males may show reduced weights of testes, prostate and seminal vesicles (131), decreased serum testosterone and LH levels, and altered neurotransmitter responses to testosterone (132), suggesting central dysregulation of HPG activity.…”

Section: Possible Mechanisms Mediating Ethanol‐induced Hpa Hyper‐respmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal Alcohol Exposure: Foetal Programming, the Hypothalamic‐Pituitary‐Adrenal Axis and Sex Differences in Outcome

Weinberg

Śliwowska

et al. 2008

J Neuroendocrinology

285

266

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Prenatal exposure to alcohol has adverse effects on offspring neuroendocrine and behavioural functions. Alcohol readily crosses the placenta, thus directly affecting developing foetal endocrine organs. In addition, alcohol‐induced changes in maternal endocrine function can disrupt the normal hormonal interactions between the pregnant female and foetal systems, altering the normal hormone balance and, indirectly, affecting the development of foetal metabolic, physiological and endocrine functions. The present review focuses on the adverse effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on offspring neuroendocrine function, with particular emphasis on the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal (HPA) axis, a key player in the stress response. The HPA axis is highly susceptible to programming during foetal and neonatal development. Here, we review data demonstrating that alcohol exposure in utero programmes the foetal HPA axis such that HPA tone is increased throughout life. Importantly, we show that, although alterations in HPA responsiveness and regulation are robust phenomena, occurring in both male and female offspring, sexually dimorphic effects of alcohol are frequently observed. We present updated findings on possible mechanisms underlying differential effects of alcohol on male and female offspring, with special emphasis on effects at different levels of the HPA axis, and on modulatory influences of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal hormones and serotonin. Finally, possible mechanisms underlying foetal programming of the HPA axis, and the long‐term implications of increased exposure to endogenous glucocorticoids for offspring vulnerability to illnesses or disorders later in life are discussed.

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“…Both preand postnatal testosterone (T) surges were suppressed in PAE fetuses/neonates [79][80][81] and at birth, PAE males exhibited decreased brain and plasma T, as well as deficits in testicular steroidogenic enzyme activity compared with control pups [82,83]. External signs of feminization were also reported in PAE neonates and evidenced by decreased anogenital distance compared to controls [84][85][86][87]. In adulthood, reduced weight of testes, prostate and seminal vesicles were seen in PAE males [88].…”

mentioning

confidence: 92%

Neuronal basis of reproductive dysfunctions associated with diet and alcohol: From the womb to adulthood

Gawałek

Śliwowska

2015

Reproductive Biology

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Effects of perinatal alcohol on sexual differentiation and open-field behavior in rats

Cited by 45 publications

References 25 publications

Androgen Threshold to Activate Copulation Differs in Male Rats Prenatally Exposed to Alcohol, Stress, or Both Factors

Androgen Threshold to Activate Copulation Differs in Male Rats Prenatally Exposed to Alcohol, Stress, or Both Factors

Prenatal Alcohol Exposure: Foetal Programming, the Hypothalamic‐Pituitary‐Adrenal Axis and Sex Differences in Outcome

Neuronal basis of reproductive dysfunctions associated with diet and alcohol: From the womb to adulthood

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