Effects of perceived reliability and generalization of crime-related information on detection in the concealed information test

Elaad, Eitan

doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2010.01.001

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…It was observed that responses diminished from the exact information condition to the indicative information condition and the non-specific information condition, although the items that were included were all recognized by the participants at the end of the experiment. This is in line with recent results showing that informed innocent participants elicited stronger responses to correct than to replaced items that were related to the correct items either semantically, phonetically or numerically (Elaad 2010). However, the CIT did not distinguish between guilty participants who did not commit the crime by themselves and innocent participants who possessed the same type of information as the guilty participants, under conditions of incomplete information.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Effects of Incomplete Information on the Detection of Concealed Crime Details

Elaad

2011

Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback

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The accuracy of the Concealed Information Test in correct classification of informed guilty and informed innocent participants was assessed when the explicitness of the obtained information varied. For these purposes, a mock crime procedure was employed and participants were randomly assigned to six conditions formed by combinations of two levels of the state of guilt (guilty and innocent) and three levels of information completeness (exact, indicative, non-specific). As expected, informed guilty participants were more accurately detected than informed innocents. It was further found that when the gathered information was less explicit, detection efficiency decreased. Theoretical and practical implications of the present results are discussed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Effects of Incomplete Information on the Detection of Concealed Crime Details

Elaad

2011

Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback

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“…The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis has been frequently employed in CIT studies (e.g., Ben‐Shakhar, ; Elaad, ; Elaad & Ben‐Shakhar, , ; Gamer & Berti, ; Verschuere, Crombez, Koster, & De Clercq, ; Vossel, Gamer, Godert, & Rill, ), and was recommended by the National Research Council () report as highly relevant for descriptions of the diagnostic value of polygraph tests. This method is derived from the signal detection theory where detection efficacy is defined in terms of the degree of separation between the distributions of the responses to the critical items produced by experimental and control (uninformed innocents) participants.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in the readiness of guilty and informed innocent examinees to cooperate on the Guilty Action Test

Elaad

2013

Psychophysiology

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A mock crime experiment was designed in which 100 participants were randomly assigned to five conditions: four experimental conditions in a 2 × 2 factorial design (two guilt conditions-guilty or informed innocents, crossed with two incentive level conditions-with or without a promised reward for proving innocence), and one control condition of uninformed innocents. Along with the common dependent polygraph measures, attitudes towards cooperating with the test were assessed. Results indicated that the informed innocents preferred to cooperate whereas guilty participants preferred to try and obstruct the test. These tendencies were amplified among participants who were promised a reward. The cooperative choice attenuated electrodermal responses to the critical items. Respiration measures were sensitive to the incentive level manipulation. Implications of the results for future research and for actual detection of information tests were discussed.

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“…Therefore, SCR data of both sleep and wake condition were combined. To eliminate individual differences in responsivity and permit a meaningful summation of the responses of different participants, single SCR were standardized by z-transformation within each participant [54]. Within-series z-scores were selected, because they are more resistant to habituation effects [55].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sleep Promotes Consolidation of Emotional Memory in Healthy Children but Not in Children with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

et al. 2013

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Fronto-limbic brain activity during sleep is believed to support the consolidation of emotional memories in healthy adults. Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is accompanied by emotional deficits coincidently caused by dysfunctional interplay of fronto-limbic circuits. This study aimed to examine the role of sleep in the consolidation of emotional memory in ADHD in the context of healthy development. 16 children with ADHD, 16 healthy children, and 20 healthy adults participated in this study. Participants completed an emotional picture recognition paradigm in sleep and wake control conditions. Each condition had an immediate (baseline) and delayed (target) retrieval session. The emotional memory bias was baseline–corrected, and groups were compared in terms of sleep-dependent memory consolidation (sleep vs. wake). We observed an increased sleep-dependent emotional memory bias in healthy children compared to children with ADHD and healthy adults. Frontal oscillatory EEG activity (slow oscillations, theta) during sleep correlated negatively with emotional memory performance in children with ADHD. When combining data of healthy children and adults, correlation coefficients were positive and differed from those in children with ADHD. Since children displayed a higher frontal EEG activity than adults these data indicate a decline in sleep-related consolidation of emotional memory in healthy development. In addition, it is suggested that deficits in sleep-related selection between emotional and non-emotional memories in ADHD exacerbate emotional problems during daytime as they are often reported in ADHD.

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Effects of perceived reliability and generalization of crime-related information on detection in the concealed information test

Cited by 12 publications

References 40 publications

Effects of Incomplete Information on the Detection of Concealed Crime Details

Effects of Incomplete Information on the Detection of Concealed Crime Details

Differences in the readiness of guilty and informed innocent examinees to cooperate on the Guilty Action Test

Sleep Promotes Consolidation of Emotional Memory in Healthy Children but Not in Children with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

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