Effects of Peptide and Non-Peptide Opioids on Protective Reaction of the Cockroach Periplaneta americana in the “Hot Camera”

Effects of N-terminal nociceptin fragment on the anxiety level of American cockroach Periplaneta americana in the “open field” during changes in light intensity

“…Under the influence of FN, rodents underwent an increase in the total distance traveled by them, number of stays, moves to the center, and number of searches in holes, which indicates a reduction of anxiety [9]. The effects revealed by us are consistent with our previous studies of the impact of opioid peptides on the development of protective behavior in insects [11,12]. Despite different effects of behavioral reactions in cockroaches and rats, which appear in stressful situations, FN in both cases had an anxiolytic effect.…”

“…In order to study the effect of N terminal nocicep tin fragment (FN) on the anxiety level of P. americana, we used the method of "open field" [10][11][12]. The apparatus used was a glass cylinder (diameter 30 cm, height 10 cm), whose bottom was divided into sectors.…”

Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Animal Health and Welfare (AHAW) on a request from the Commission related to the aspects of the biology and welfare of animals used for experimental and other scientific purposes

“…Injection of morphine produces a dose-dependent decrease in the crabs' defensive response to being struck between the eye-stalks (Lozda et al, 1988;Bergamo et al, 1992; also see Fiorito, 1986). Gritsai et al (2004) reported that injections of morphine increased the amount of time that cockroaches and other invertebrates spend on a hot plate. Using a similar technique, Zabala and Gomez (1991) showed that injections of water had no effect on the time that the crickets spent on a hot plate, whereas injections of morphine increased the time crickets spent on there.…”

“…Opioid type receptors or sensitivity Kream et al, 1980Greenberg and Price, 1983Fiorito, 1986Stefano and Scharrer, 1981Greenberg and Price, 1983Nunez et al, 1983Zabala et al, 1984Fiorito, 1986 Responses modified by analgesics Dyakonova, 2001 Zabala and Gomez, 1991 Dyakonova, 2001Gritsai et al, 2004Maldonado and Miralto., 1982Lozda et al, 1988Bergamo et al, 1992Dyakonova, 2001Agnisola et al, (1996 Response to noxious stimulus persists Balaban and Maksimova, 1993Walters et al, 2001Kawai et al, 2004Robertson et al, 1995 Associates neutral with noxious stimuli Gelperin, 1975Sahley et al, 1981Carew and Sahley., 1986Yamada et al, 1992Balaban., 1993Krasne and Glanzman, 1995Horridge, 1962Carew and Sahley, 1986Krasne and Glanzman, 1995Robertson et al, 1995 * Information is equivocal 2.5. Fetal and embryonic animals which might be protected 2.5.1.…”

The Ambit of Phytotherapy in Psychotic Care

“…Isoquinoline (alkaloid) Opioid receptor binding [107] Pyridine (alkaloid) Agonist nicotinic acetylcholinesterase receptor binding [108] Physostigmine (alkaloid) Cholinesterase inhibitor and direct agonistic nicotinic acetylcholinesterase receptor binding [109] Pilocarpine (alkaloid) Muscarinic acetylcholinesterase receptor agonist [105] Reserpine (alkaloid) Irreversible blockage of norepinephrine and dopamine [110] β-Sesquiphellandrene (terpene) Inhibition of dopamine neurotransmission at D1/D2 receptors [93] Buphanidrine and buphanamine (alkaloids) Affinity to the serotonin transporter (SERT) protein [66] Xysmalorin and uzarin (flavanoids) Affinity for SERT in the binding assay. [64] Atropine (alkaloid) CNS depressants and competitively antagonize muscarinic cholinergic receptors.…”