Effects of pCO2 on the interaction between an excavating sponge, Cliona varians, and a hermatypic coral, Porites furcata

Stubler, Amber D.; Furman, Bradley T.; Peterson, Bradley J.

doi:10.1007/s00227-014-2466-y

Cited by 36 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 52 publications

(49 reference statements)

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“…These organisms can affect coral reef ecosystems and constitute a commercially significant pest to bivalve farms (2,4). Carbonate excavation rates of euendolith communities may increase with elevated oceanic pCO 2 , as is the case with boring sponges (5,6). Despite their global environmental effect, and their potential sensitivity to global climate change, the physiological and cellular mechanisms behind photoautotrophmediated carbonate dissolution have remained largely elusive (7).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Extreme cellular adaptations and cell differentiation required by a cyanobacterium for carbonate excavation

Guida

García-Pichel

2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Some cyanobacteria, known as euendoliths, excavate and grow into calcium carbonates, with their activity leading to significant marine and terrestrial carbonate erosion and to deleterious effects on coral reef and bivalve ecology. Despite their environmental relevance, the mechanisms by which they can bore have remained elusive and paradoxical, in that, as oxygenic phototrophs, cyanobacteria tend to alkalinize their surroundings, which will encourage carbonate precipitation, not dissolution. Therefore, cyanobacteria must rely on unique adaptations to bore. Studies with the filamentous euendolith, Mastigocoleus testarum, indicated that excavation requires both cellular energy and transcellular calcium transport, mediated by P-type ATPases, but the cellular basis for this phenomenon remains obscure. We present evidence that excavation in M. testarum involves two unique cellular adaptations. Long-range calcium transport is based on active pumping at multiple cells along boring filaments, orchestrated by the preferential localization of calcium ATPases at one cell pole, in a ring pattern, facing the cross-walls, and by repeating this placement and polarity, a pattern that breaks at branching and apical cells. In addition, M. testarum differentiates specialized cells we call calcicytes, that which accumulate calcium at concentrations more than 500-fold those found in other cyanobacteria, concomitantly and drastically lowering photosynthetic pigments and enduring severe cytoplasmatic alkalinization. Calcicytes occur commonly, but not exclusively, in apical parts of the filaments distal to the excavation front. We suggest that calcicytes allow for fast calcium flow at low, nontoxic concentrations through undifferentiated cells by providing buffering storage for excess calcium before final excretion to the outside medium.

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confidence: 99%

Extreme cellular adaptations and cell differentiation required by a cyanobacterium for carbonate excavation

Guida

García-Pichel

2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Likewise, in two recent laboratory studies, contact with Cl. varians did not negatively affect Porites furcata de Lamarck, 1816, for up to 5 months (Stubler et al., , ). However, in those studies P. furcata had a branching habit, which reduced the sponge's attachment area and could have affected its ability to invade the coral.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Kline et al., ). These concerns can be addressed by using a laboratory approach, but laboratory experiments on interactions between sponges and corals are not common (Schönberg, ; Stubler, Furman, & Peterson, , ). This may be due to the lack of standard methods to re‐create the interaction pairs, or to the maintenance efforts considering the relatively long time required to allow detectable sponge–coral interactions (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studying interactions between excavating sponges and massive corals by the use of hybrid cores

et al. 2016

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Excavating sponges often compete with reef‐building corals. To study sponge–coral interactions, we devised a design of hybrid cores that allows sponges and corals to be arranged side by side with similar size and shape, mimicking the situation of neighbouring organisms. Compared to earlier methods that attached sponge cores onto coral surfaces, hybrid cores provide an opportunity to study organism interactions under conditions more equal to the interacting partners. The use of hybrid cores was demonstrated for the excavating sponge Cliona orientalis and the massive coral Porites, which commonly interact on the Great Barrier Reef. Cliona orientalis and massive Porites were cut into half‐moon shaped explants and combined as hybrid cores under replicate conditions. After 90 days in an aquarium setting, positive growth of Cl. orientalis along with net bioerosion were observed in sponge control cores that combined Cl. orientalis with blank substrate. However, when Cl. orientalis and massive Porites were in contact in interaction cores, the sponge displayed negative growth and undetectable bioerosion, and was slightly overgrown by the coral. Cliona orientalis may have developed tissue extension beneath the living coral tissue, but growth and net calcification rates of massive Porites were apparently not affected by Cl. orientalis when comparing the interaction cores to coral control cores that combined massive Porites with blank substrate. Overall, the present work demonstrated that hybrid cores can be used to generate conditions suitable for studying sponge–coral interactions in the laboratory, which can also be applied in the field.

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“…The effects of the sponge on oyster survival, either directly or indi-rectly, are still unclear, as both experiments varied in this regard as well. Clionid sponges have cosmopolitan distribution, and are likely to be unaffected by projected changes to ocean conditions (Duckworth & Peterson 2013, Stubler et al 2014, so it is possible that their negative impact might be exacerbated in the future. However, given the results reported in the literature as well as from our experiments, boring sponge impacts on wild oyster populations remain, unfortunately, unresolved.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are oysters being bored to death? Influence of Cliona celata on Crassostrea virginica condition, growth and survival

Carroll¹,

O'Shaughnessy²,

Diedrich³

et al. 2015

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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The boring sponge Cliona celata is a nuisance species that can have deleterious effects on eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica growth, condition, and survival. Surprisingly, however, these effects have not been well documented and when examined, results have been equivocal. In this study, we provide a direct comparison of growth, condition, and survival of spongecolonized and uncolonized oysters in southeast North Carolina in 2 separate experiments. In the first experiment, sponge-colonized oysters exhibited significantly slower growth rates, reduced condition, and lower survival relative to uncolonized oysters, although results may have been confounded by oyster source. In the second experiment, using smaller oysters from the same source population, growth rate was again significantly reduced in colonized oysters relative to uncolonized oysters, however neither condition nor survival differed. In field surveys of the same population, colonized individuals across a range of sizes demonstrated significantly reduced condition. Further, condition index was negatively correlated with sponge biomass, which was positively correlated with oyster size, suggesting that the impact of the sponge changes with ontogeny. By investigating clearance rates, tissue isotopic and nutrient content, as well as caloric value, this study provides further evidence that sponge presence causes the oysters to divert energy into costly shell maintenance and repair at the expense of shell and somatic growth. Thus, although variable, our results demonstrate negative impacts of sponge infestation on oyster demographics, particularly as oysters grow larger.

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Effects of pCO2 on the interaction between an excavating sponge, Cliona varians, and a hermatypic coral, Porites furcata

Abstract: of changing pCO 2 on species interactions is crucial to adequately predict ecosystem-level responses in the future.

Cited by 36 publications

References 52 publications

Extreme cellular adaptations and cell differentiation required by a cyanobacterium for carbonate excavation

Extreme cellular adaptations and cell differentiation required by a cyanobacterium for carbonate excavation

Studying interactions between excavating sponges and massive corals by the use of hybrid cores

Are oysters being bored to death? Influence of Cliona celata on Crassostrea virginica condition, growth and survival

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