Effects of pathogens on perennial pasture grasses

Clarke, R. G.; Eagling, David R

doi:10.1080/00288233.1994.9513070

Cited by 29 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Infestation with pathogens may also inXuence species interaction on higher trophic levels, for example by diminishing the attraction of herbivores to infested plant individuals (Dobson and Crawley 1994). A large number of studies have reported detrimental eVects of infestation with rust fungi on perennial ryegrass (review in Clarke and Eagling 1994). Infestation with crown rust may cause alterations in sward age structure of L. perenne, because the increase in tiller death is most pronounced in the youngest tillers (Plummer et al 1990).…”

Section: Proportion Of Infested Individualsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Resistance to rust fungi in Lolium perenne depends on within-species variation and performance of the host species in grasslands of different plant diversity

et al. 2007

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The hypothesis that plant species diversity and genetic variation of the host species decrease the severity of plant diseases is supported by studies of agricultural systems, but experimental evidence from more complex systems is scarce. In an experiment with grassland communities of varying species richness (1, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 60 species) and functional group richness (1, 2, 3, and 4 functional groups), we used different cultivars of Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass) to study effects of biodiversity and cultivar identity on the occurrence and severity of foliar fungal diseases caused by Puccinia coronata (crown rust) and P. graminis (stem rust). Cultivar monocultures of perennial ryegrass revealed strong differences in pathogen susceptibility among these cultivars. Disease intensity caused by both rust fungi decreased significantly with growing species richness of species mixtures. The response to the diversity gradient was related to the decreased density and size of the host individuals with increasing species richness. The occurrence of other grass species known to be possible hosts of the pathogens in the experimental mixtures did not promote disease intensity in L. perenne, indicating that there was a high host specificity of pathogen strains. Differences in pathogen susceptibility among perennial ryegrass cultivars persisted independent of diversity treatment, host density and host individual size, but resulted in a cultivar-specific pattern of changes in pathogen infestation across the species-richness gradient. Our study provided evidence that within-species variation in pathogen susceptibility and competitive interactions of the host species with the environment, as caused by species diversity treatments, are key determinants of the occurrence and severity of fungal diseases.

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Section: Proportion Of Infested Individualsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Resistance to rust fungi in Lolium perenne depends on within-species variation and performance of the host species in grasslands of different plant diversity

et al. 2007

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“…WSMV is seed transmissible (to levels of 0.5 to 1.5%) and it has been recently concluded that the virus was introduced by seeds from the USA to Australia (Dwyer et al., 2007). ONMV that is related to WSMV and has been isolated from Poa pratensis in Germany (Rabenstein et al., 2002) as well as Ryegrass mosaic virus , which probably causes the most damaging disease of Lolium spp (Eagling et al., 1992; Clarke and Eagling, 1994; Bain et al., 1998; Rabenstein et al., 2004), are of minor or no importance on cereals.…”

Section: Cereal Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, it was shown, like for other diseases, that Th. intermedium is a valuable source for introducing mite and WSMV resistance into wheat (Friebe et al., 1996; Cox et al., 2002; Li et al., 2004) and molecular markers specific for these introgressions have been developed (Chen et al., 1998a,b, 1999, 2003). In addition, two temperature‐sensitive resistances to WSMV have been recently described by Seifers et al.…”

Section: Sources and Genetics Of Resistance/tolerancementioning

confidence: 99%

Virus Resistance in Cereals: Sources of Resistance, Genetics and Breeding

Ordon

Habekuß

Kastirr³

et al. 2009

Journal of Phytopathology

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In cereals, soil‐borne viruses transmitted by the plasmodiophorid Polymyxa graminis (e.g., Barley mild mosaic virus, Barley yellow mosaic virus or Soil‐borne cereal mosaic virus), have increased in importance due to the increase of the acreage infested and because yield losses cannot be prevented by chemical measures. Due to global warming, it is also expected that insect transmitted viruses vectored by aphids (e.g., Barley yellow dwarf virus, Cereal yellow dwarf virus), leafhoppers (Wheat dwarf virus) or mites (e.g., Wheat streak mosaic virus), will become much more important even in cooler regions. The environmentally most sound and also most cost effective approach to prevent high yield losses caused by these viruses is breeding for resistance. Therefore, in contrast to other reviews on cereal viruses, this study briefly reviews present knowledge on cereal‐infecting viruses and emphasizes especially the sources of resistance or tolerance to these viruses and their use in molecular breeding schemes.

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“…As outlined by Eagling & Clarke (1994), barley yellow dwarf luteovirus (BYDV) and ryegrass mosaic potyvirus (RMV) are important viruses infecting temperate grasses. In susceptible genotypes of perennial ryegrass, either virus alone can reduce dry matter yield by up to 30%, and when present together, the viruses can act synergistically resulting in severe dwarfing, reduced tiller numbers, and sometimes plant death (Eagling et al 1991(Eagling et al , 1992.…”

Section: Virus Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

The role of biotechnology in perennial grass improvement for temperate pastures

Heeswijck

Hutchinson

Kaul

et al. 1994

New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research

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Biotechnology has the potential to complement conventional plant breeding activities and facilitate the production of temperate grasses with improved productivity and persistence. It provides new techniques for generation of gene markers which may greatly enhance the capacity for cultivar discrimination and for tracking particular traits in breeding programmes. Through plant tissue culture and genetic transformation, it is possible to introduce genes from a wide variety of sources into elite breeding lines. This review provides a summary of recent advances in the application of these technologies to temperate grasses. The development of genetic transformation technology has, in general, been much slower for monocots than for dicots. However, all the elements required for production of transgenic plants are now coming into place. Regeneration systems are now available for many of the temperate grass species. Transformation systems have been used to produce transgenic plants of tall fescue and cocksfoot, and genes have been isolated that have potential for improving plant performance and persistence. Several opportunities for application of biotechnology are discussed including control of invertebrate pests, virus resistance, improved digestibility, and elimination of toxins.

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Effects of pathogens on perennial pasture grasses

Cited by 29 publications

References 53 publications

Resistance to rust fungi in Lolium perenne depends on within-species variation and performance of the host species in grasslands of different plant diversity

Resistance to rust fungi in Lolium perenne depends on within-species variation and performance of the host species in grasslands of different plant diversity

Virus Resistance in Cereals: Sources of Resistance, Genetics and Breeding

The role of biotechnology in perennial grass improvement for temperate pastures

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