Effects of paternal occupational exposure on spontaneous abortions.

Lindbohm, Marja Liisa; Hemminki, Kari; Bonhomme, M; Anttila, Ahti; Rantala, Kaarina; Heikkilä, Pirjo; Rosenberg, Michael J.

doi:10.2105/ajph.81.8.1029

Cited by 74 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Using national databases to identify the outcomes of 99,186 pregnancies in Finland between 1973and 1982, Lindbohm et al (1991a determined that paternal employment in a job considered likely to involve lead exposure was not associated with an increased risk of spontaneous abortion (odds ratio [OR], 0.9; 95% CI, 0.8 -1.0). In a second study, using a case-referent design (213 cases, 500 matched referents), Lindbohm et al (1991b) classified men according to their lead exposure during the period of spermatogenesis of the index pregnancy.…”

Section: Spontaneous Abortionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Teratogen update: Lead and pregnancy

Bellinger

2005

Birth Defects Research

287

153

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This review focuses on the impacts of lead exposure on reproductive health and outcomes. High levels of paternal lead exposure (Ͼ40 g/dl or Ͼ25 g/dl for a period of years) appear to reduce fertility and to increase the risks of spontaneous abortion and reduced fetal growth (preterm delivery, low birth weight). Maternal blood lead levels of approximately 10 g/dl have been linked to increased risks of pregnancy hypertension, spontaneous abortion, and reduced offspring neurobehavioral development. Somewhat higher maternal lead levels have been linked to reduced fetal growth. Some studies suggest a link between increased parental lead exposure and congenital malformations, although considerable uncertainty remains regarding the specific malformations and the dose-response relationships. Common methodological weaknesses of studies include potential exposure misclassifications due to the frequent unavailability of exposure biomarker measurements at biologically appropriate times and uncertainty regarding the best exposure biomarker(s) for the various outcomes. A special concern with regard to the pregnant woman is the possibility that a fetus might be exposed to lead mobilized from bone stores as a result of pregnancy-related metabolic changes, making fetal lead exposure the result of exposure to exogenous lead during pregnancy and exposure to endogenous lead accumulated by the woman prior to pregnancy. By reducing bone resorption, increased calcium intake during the second half of pregnancy might reduce the mobilization of lead from bone compartments, even at low blood lead levels. Subgroups of women who incurred substantial exposures to lead prior to pregnancy should be considered to be at increased risk. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 73:409-420, 2005.

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Section: Spontaneous Abortionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Teratogen update: Lead and pregnancy

Bellinger

2005

Birth Defects Research

287

153

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“…When employed women are compared with unemployed women, a selection bias may also arise, if reproductive experience affects the likelihood of entering or remaining in the workforce (18,19). In Finland in 1976 and 1980, the difference in the risk of spontaneous abortion was, however, small between employed (9.8%) and unemployed women (8.6%) in the socioeconomic group of employers, own-account workers, and upper-level employees [Lindbohm et al, some unpublished results from a previous study (12)l. Thus the comparison of the practicing veterinarians with the group of other employed and unemployed women may have enhanced slightly the difference between these groups, but it is unlikely to explain totally the veterinarians' increased risk of spontaneous abortion in the 1970s.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The risk among the veterinarians was compared with the risk among all other Finnish women and with the risk among other upper-level employees. Information on the risk of spontaneous abortion among upper-level employees was based on the data of our previous study (12), and it was available only for the period 1973-1982. In this study (12), the 1975 and 1980 national censuses of the Central Statistical Office of Finland provided information on the socioeconomic status of all women with pregnancies identified from the Hospital Discharge Register and policlinic records.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Information on the risk of spontaneous abortion among upper-level employees was based on the data of our previous study (12), and it was available only for the period 1973-1982. In this study (12), the 1975 and 1980 national censuses of the Central Statistical Office of Finland provided information on the socioeconomic status of all women with pregnancies identified from the Hospital Discharge Register and policlinic records. According to the classification used by the Statistical Office, upper-level employees include persons with administrative, managerial, professional, and related occupations.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spontaneous abortions among veterinarians

Lindbohm¹,

Taskinen²

2000

Scand J Work Environ Health

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Objectives The objective of the study was to determine whether female veterinarians have an increased risk of spontaneous abortion and whether the potential risk is related to the type of work veterinarians do. Methods The investigation was a retrospective cohort study among all the female inembers of the Finnish Veterinary Association (N=549). Information on pregnancies was obtained from hospital records from [1973][1974][1975][1976][1977][1978][1979][1980][1981][1982][1983][1984][1985][1986][1987][1988][1989][1990]. The risk of spontaneous abortion among the veterinarians was coinpared with that of all other Finnish women and other upper-level employees. Odds ratios from logistic regression analyses were used as the estimates of the risk ratios. W~S U~~S The risk of spontaneous abortion was 10.5% for the veterinarians. In the 1970s, practicing veterina~ians had an increased risk of spolltaneous abortion as compared with other Finnish women (adjusted odds ratio 1.8,95% confidence interval 1.0-3.1) or other upper-level employees (adjusted odds ratio 2.0,95% confidence interval 1 .I-3.4). In the 1980s, the iisk fell below that of other Finnish women. No essential differetices were observed in the risk between the veterinarians employed in different occupational categories. C O~~C~U S~O~SThe results suggest that the veterinarians had an increased risk of spontaneous abortion in the 1970s, but not in the 1980s. Factors which might have contributed to this decrease in risk include decreases in the prevalence and level of exposure to harmful agents, improvements in the occupational hygiene of the work environment, and an increased awareness of reproductive hazards and the use of sick leave during pregnancy.

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“…A Finnish study based on census-derived jobtitles indicated an enhanced risk for spontaneous abortions among wives to rubber workers (Lindbohm et al 1991). In a similar Canadian study, an increased risk for congenital malformations, although not statistically signiWcant, was observed among infants born to women working in rubber and plastics industries (McDonald et al 1988).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Reproductive outcome in a cohort of male and female rubber workers: a registry study

Jakobsson

Mikoczy

2008

Int Arch Occup Environ Health

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Purpose To investigate whether blue-collar employment in the Swedish rubber industry from 1973 onwards had a negative impact on reproductive health. Methods Pairs of mother and child, and triads of fathermother-child were obtained through linkage of a cohort of 18,518 rubber factory employees with the Swedish Population Registry. Birth outcomes were obtained from the Medical Birth Register for 17,918 children. For each child, parental employment as blue-collar rubber worker during the pregnancy and sperm maturation period was obtained from work-place records. Children to female food industry workers, in all 33,256, constituted an external reference group. Results The sex ratio was reversed, with odds ratio (OR) for having a girl was 1.15 (95% CI 1.02, 1.31) when the mother was exposed. When both parents were exposed, the OR was even higher, 1.28 (95% CI 1.02, 1.62). An increased risk of multiple births was observed when both parents were exposed, with OR 2.42 (95% CI 1.17, 5.01). Children with both maternal and paternal exposure had a reduced birth weight compared to the external reference cohort. After adjustment for smoking (available for births from 1983 onwards), ethnicity and sex, the diVerence between children (singletons, live births) with maternal and paternal exposure and external referents was ¡142 g (95% CI ¡229, ¡54). The adjusted OR for having a small-forgestational-age child was 2.15 (95% CI 1.45, 3.18) when the mother was a rubber worker during the pregnancy. Conclusion There were clear indications that reproductive outcome was adversely aVected in rubber workers. The Wndings warrant further investigation with reWnement of exposure indices and inclusion of other endpoints of reproductive health.

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Effects of paternal occupational exposure on spontaneous abortions.

Cited by 74 publications

References 16 publications

Teratogen update: Lead and pregnancy

Teratogen update: Lead and pregnancy

Spontaneous abortions among veterinarians

Reproductive outcome in a cohort of male and female rubber workers: a registry study

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