Effects of Passive Exposure to Tobacco, Socioeconomic Status and a Family History of Essential Hypertension on Lipid Profiles in Children.

Abstract

SUMMARYThere is abundant evidence that the atherosclerotic process begins in childhood. Dyslipidemia is a major risk factor for atherosclerosis in adults and children. In the present study, we measured serum lipoprotein concentrations in 194 healthy children aged between 4 to 14 years. Children were grouped according to the socioeconomic status of the families, family history of essential hypertension and passive tobacco exposure. The values of total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol and the ratio of total cholesterol/high density lipoprotein cholesterol in the low socioeconomic group were found to be significantly higher than the values obtained for the middle-high socioeconomic group. The values of total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, the ratio of total cholesterol/high density lipoprotein cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol/high density lipoprotein cholesterol in the passive smoker group were found to be significantly higher than those of the nonsmoker group. But, the socioeconomic level in the passive smoker group was found to be significantly lower than that of the nonsmoker group, and therefore, the impact of passive smoking on the serum lipids in children was related to socioeconomic status. A significant difference in terms of blood lipid fractions between the groups with and that without a family history of essential hypertension was not found.These results suggest that passive smoking and lower socioeconomic status are important risk factors for cardiovascular heart disease, while a positive family history of essential hypertension is not an important risk factor. (Jpn Heart J 1996; 37: 917-923) T is well known that there is a strong relationship between coronary artery disease and some lipid fractions including total cholesterol (TC), triglyceridesFrom the

Passive Smoking and the Development of Cardiovascular Disease in Children: A Systematic Review

“…It was also found that PS is associated with deteriorated blood lipids profiles in children, particularly lower high-density lipoprotein which has been a consistent finding in most studies [17–21]. A randomized controlled trial (RCT) also revealed that in passive smokers the rate of factors associated with the development of CVD, such as body weight, cholesterol, and triglycerides, was higher than that in non-PS smokers [22].…”

Socioeconomic differences in children's health: How and why do these relationships change with age?

“…SES also affects health behaviors. Lower SES is associated with increased rates of cigarette smoking, greater exposure to tobacco smoke, and more sedentary lifestyles (see Conrad, Flay, & Hill, 1992, for a review of smoking, and Stephens, Jacobs, & White, 1985, for a review of physical activity; Coombs, Fawzy, & Gerber, 1986; Iscan, Uyanik, Vurgun, Ece, & Yigitoglu, 1996; Pamuk et al, 1998).…”

Low levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol in Turkish children: An important risk factor

“…We used the unpaired Student'\ t-test analysis to assess differences between mean values of lipids and lipoproteins between groups, adjusted 13) age. sex, BMI and other factors.…”