Effects of particulate matter (PM10, PM2.5 and PM1) on the cardiovascular system

Polichetti, Giuliano; Cocco, Stefania; Spinali, Alessandra; Trimarco, Valentina; Nunziata, Alfredo

doi:10.1016/j.tox.2009.04.035

Cited by 278 publications

(148 citation statements)

References 130 publications

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“…Among those concerns is exposure to inhalable particulate matter (PM). In recent years, scientific attention has focused mostly on fine fraction of particles (<2.5 μm in diameter; i.e., PM2.5; Brunekreef et al 2009;Hoek et al 2013;Li et al 2013;Polichetti et al 2009) that has been linked to both acute and chronic respiratory and cardiopulmonary health effects including lung cancer (Mitchell et al 2007;Valavanidis et al 2008). Additional focus has been placed on determining associations with PM components (elemental carbon, sulfates, nitrates, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and biological components; Atkinson et al 2010;Brunekreef et al 2009;Gent et al 2009;Nemmar et al 2013;Maynard et al 2007;Sarnat et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trace metals in size-fractionated particulate matter in a Portuguese hospital: exposure risks assessment and comparisons with other countries

Slezáková

Morais

Pereira

2013

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Hospitals are considered as a special and important type of indoor public place where air quality has significant impacts on potential health outcomes. Information on indoor air quality of these environments, concerning exposures to partic-ulate matter (PM) and related toxicity, is limited though. This work aims to evaluate risks associated with inhalation exposure to ten toxic metals and chlorine (As, Ni, Cr, Cd, Pb, Mn, Se, Ba, Al, Si, and Cl) in coarse (PM2.5-10) and fine (PM2.5) particles in a Portuguese hospital in comparison with studies representative of other countries. Samples were collected during 1 month in one urban hospital; elemental PM characterization was determined by proton-induced X-ray emission. Noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic risks were assessed according to the methodology provided by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA; Region III Risk-Based Concentration Table) for three different age categories of hospital personnel (adults, >20, and <65 years) and patients (considering nine different age groups, i.e., children of 1-3 years to seniors of >65 years). The estimated noncarcinogenic risks due to occupational inhalation exposure to PM2.5-bound metals ranged from 5.88×10−6 for Se (adults, 55-64 years) to 9.35×10 −1 for As (adults, 20-24 years) with total noncarcinogenic risks (sum of all metals) above the safe level for all three age categories. As and Cl (the latter due to its high abundances) were the most important contributors (approximately 90 %) to noncarcinogenic risks. For PM2.5-10, noncarcinogenic risks of all metals were acceptable to all age groups. Concerning carcinogenic risks, for Ni and Pb, they were negligible (<1×10 −6 ) in both PM fractions for all age groups of hospital personnel; potential risks were observed for As and Cr with values in PM2.5 exceeding (up to 62 and 5 times, respectively) USEPA guideline across all age groups; for PM2.5-10, increased excess risks of As and Cr were observed particularly for long-term exposures (adults, 55-64 years). Total carcinogenic risks highly (up to 67 times) exceeded the recommended level for all age groups, thus clearly showing that occupational exposure to metals in fine particles pose significant risks. If the extensive working hours of hospital medical staff were considered, the respective noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic risks were increased, the latter for PM2.5 exceeding the USEPA cumulative guideline of 10 . For adult patients, the estimated noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic risks were approximately three times higher than for personnel, with particular concerns observed for children and adolescents.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trace metals in size-fractionated particulate matter in a Portuguese hospital: exposure risks assessment and comparisons with other countries

Slezáková

Morais

Pereira

2013

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…Aerosol particles have many disadvantageous impacts on the global climate, atmospheric environment and even human health (Shine et al, 1999;Polichetti et al, 2009;Jahn et al, 2011), although there is still some uncertainty and complexity about them. Recently, fine particles (PM 2.5 ) have received much more attention than coarse particle (PM 10 ) (Yang et al, 2005;Feng et al, 2007;Li et al, 2008;Li et al, 2009), as fine particles can travel more deeply into the human lungs, reaching the alveolar region of the respiratory system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, fine particles (PM 2.5 ) have received much more attention than coarse particle (PM 10 ) (Yang et al, 2005;Feng et al, 2007;Li et al, 2008;Li et al, 2009), as fine particles can travel more deeply into the human lungs, reaching the alveolar region of the respiratory system. They also take along higher contributions of toxic species harming health, higher contributions of light absorption species and light scattering species that affect visibility and the climate more than coarse particles (Kok et al, 2006;Polichetti et al, 2009). From this point of view, it is still crucial to know the concentrations, distributions and sources of fine particles to develop effective strategies for the control of fine aerosol pollution and the removal of associated problems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water-soluble Ions in PM2.5 on the Qianhu Campus of Nanchang University, Nanchang City: Indoor-Outdoor Distribution and Source Implications

Huang

Zou

Cao

et al. 2012

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Ambient PM 2.5 was sampled in three indoor environments (a common office, a photocopy room and a student dormitory) and one outdoor environment (a rooftop) on a campus of Nanchang University in Nanchang city, China, on June 5-20, 2009. Analysis by ion chromatograph showed the indoor-outdoor differences and relationships of water-soluble ions. The indooroutdoor distributions indicated that chemicals and household garbage contributed most to the generation of water-soluble ions indoors. The indoor-outdoor relationships of water-soluble ions in PM 2.5 in the common office and student dormitory were unrelated or weak, which indicated that the ions were produced indoors rather than carried in from outdoors. Correlations between various water-soluble ions in indoor and outdoor PM 2.5 are discussed here, and it is suggested that the photocopier machine contributed little to the water-soluble ions indoors. Ion balance calculations indicated that the anions and cations in the photocopy room and outdoor environment shared an origin, but part of the anions and cations in the common office room and student dormitory originated indoors. The linear regression slopes (anion/cation) are all lower than 1, with the anion deficits probably affected by the absence of data on F

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“…During the study period, the mean daily values of NO 2 Afi b/Aund = atrial fi brillation/atrial undulation; SVT = supraventricular tachycardia; VT = ventricular tachycardia; † data are presented as median and range; ‡ statistical signifi cance at p<0.05 m 3 ) and PM 10 (25.7 (4.6-146.6) μg/m 3 ) were below the legally defi ned thresholds. Considering the humid continental climate characteristics, the given mean daily values of air temperature (13.4 (-7.9-28.5) °C), relative humidity (68.9 (37.7-95.3) %) and air pressure (996 (966-1020) kPa) were as expected.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Air pollutants are a heterogeneous and complex mixture of gases, liquids and particulate matter, which are related to an increased risk of adverse cardiovascular (CV) events [1][2][3] . Furthermore, air pollution poses a great health risk even in developed countries with legally defi ned thresholds of air pollution [4][5][6] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation between Concentration of Air Pollutants and Occurrence of Cardiac Arrhythmias in a Region with Humid Continental Climate

Knezović

Pintarić²,

Jelavić³

et al. 2017

acc

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SUMMARY -In this study, we investigated the correlation of air temperature, pressure and concentration of air pollutants with the rate of admissions for cardiac arrhythmias at two clinical centers in the area with a humid continental climate. Th is retrospective study included 3749 patients with arrhythmias admitted to emergency department (ED). Th ey were classifi ed into four groups: supraventricular tachycardia (SVT), ventricular tachycardia (VT), atrial fi brillation/undulation (Afi b/ Aund), and palpitations (with no ECG changes, or with sinus tachycardia and extrasystoles). Th e number of patients, values of meteorological parameters (average daily values of air temperature, pressure and relative humidity) and concentrations of air pollutants (particles of dimensions ~10 micrometers or less (PM 10 ), ozone (O 3 ) and nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 )) were collected during a two-year period ( July 2008-June 2010). Th ere were 1650 (44.0%), 1525 (40.7%), 451 (12.0%) and 123 (3.3%) patients with palpitations, Afi b/Aund, SVT and VT, respectively. Spearman's correlation yielded positive correlation between the occurrence of arrhythmias and air humidity on the day (r=0.07), and 1 (r=0.08), 2 (r=0.09) and 3 days before (r=0.09), and NO 2 particles on the day (r=0.08) of ED admission; palpitations and air humidity on the day (r=0.11), and 1 (r=0.09), 2 (r=0.07) and 3 days before (r=0.10), and PM 10 (r=0.11) and NO 2 (r=0.08) particles on the day of ED admission; and Afi b/Aund and air humidity 2 days before (r=0.08) ED admission (p<0.05 all). In conclusion, there was a very weak positive correlation of the occurrence of cardiac arrhythmias with air humidity and concentration of air pollutants in the region with a humid continental climate.

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Effects of particulate matter (PM10, PM2.5 and PM1) on the cardiovascular system

Cited by 278 publications

References 130 publications

Trace metals in size-fractionated particulate matter in a Portuguese hospital: exposure risks assessment and comparisons with other countries

Trace metals in size-fractionated particulate matter in a Portuguese hospital: exposure risks assessment and comparisons with other countries

Water-soluble Ions in PM2.5 on the Qianhu Campus of Nanchang University, Nanchang City: Indoor-Outdoor Distribution and Source Implications

Correlation between Concentration of Air Pollutants and Occurrence of Cardiac Arrhythmias in a Region with Humid Continental Climate

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