Effects of particle size and extrusion of maize and
sorghum on ileal digestibility and growth
performance in pigs weaned at 14 and 21 days
of age

Chae, B. J.; Kim, Y. G.; Han, In K.; Kim, J. H.; Cho, W. T.; Hancock, Joe D.; Kim, I. H.

doi:10.22358/jafs/68116/2000

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Similarly, Mavromichalis et al (2000) found increased G:F when decreasing feed particle size from 1.3 to 0.6 mm but a decrease in G:F when further decreasing the particle size to 0.4 mm. Chae et al (2000) found no effect of reductions in particle size on ileal digestibility of AA. In the current study, finely grinding the meal diet led to a lower feed efficiency during the first 2 wk of the trial.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Effect of grinding intensity and pelleting of the diet on indoor particulate matter concentrations and growth performance of weanling pigs1

Ulens¹,

Demeyer²,

Ampe³

et al. 2015

Journal of Animal Science

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This study evaluated the effect of feed form and grinding intensity of the pig diet and the interaction between both on the particulate matter (PM) concentrations inside a pig nursery and the growth performances of weanling pigs. Four diets were compared: finely ground meal, coarsely ground meal, finely ground pellets, and coarsely ground pellets. Four weaning rounds with 144 pigs per weaning round, divided over 4 identical compartments, were monitored. Within each weaning round, each compartment was randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments. A hammer mill with a screen of 1.5 or 6 mm was used to grind the ingredients of the finely ground and coarsely ground feeds, respectively. Indoor concentrations of the following PM fractions were measured: PM that passes through a size-selective inlet with a 50 % efficiency cutoff at 10 (PM10) , 2.5 (PM2.5), or 1 (PM1) μm aerodynamic diameter, respectively (USEPA, 2004). Feeding pelleted diets instead of meal diets gave rise to higher PM10 (P < 0.001), PM2.5 (P < 0.001), and PM1 (P < 0.001) concentrations. Grinding intensity had an effect only on PM10 (P < 0.05) concentrations. No interaction between feed form and grinding intensity was found for any of the PM fractions. Interactions (P < 0.05) between feed form and grinding intensity on ADFI and ADG were found. Grinding intensity had an effect only on the meal diets with higher ADFI for the coarsely ground meal. Pigs fed the finely ground meal had a lower (P < 0.001) ADG than the other 3 diets. Feed efficiency was influenced only by the feed form (P < 0.001) and not by the grinding intensity. Pelleting the feed gave rise to a higher G:F. In conclusion, a contradiction between environmental concerns and performance results was found. Feeding pelleted diets to the piglets improved growth performance but also increased indoor PM concentrations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Effect of grinding intensity and pelleting of the diet on indoor particulate matter concentrations and growth performance of weanling pigs1

Ulens¹,

Demeyer²,

Ampe³

et al. 2015

Journal of Animal Science

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“…Pelleting of diets has been extensively used in commercial feed production. It is well known that pelleting improves ADG and feed efficiency in swine (Hansen et al, 1992;Wondra et al, 1992;Traylor et al, 1996;Chae et al, 1997c). In an attempt, however, to further improve the nutritional value of swine feeds, extruder and/or expander processing has been introduced for the past several decades.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Extruder/expander conditions such as degree of cooking, preconditioning, and temperature can alter the nutritional value of feeds (Chae et al, 1997d;Piao et al, 1999;Johnston et al, 1999). The feed conversion of nursery pigs fed extruded corn and sorghum was better than those fed the unextruded feed (Chae et al, 2000). Growing pigs fed extruded barley showed significantly improved growth performance and higher crude protein digestibility over pigs fed finely ground barley (Chu et al, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Feed Processing Methods on Growth Performance and Ileal Digestibility of Amino Acids in Young Pigs

Ohh¹,

Han²,

Chae³

et al. 2002

Asian Australas. J. Anim. Sci

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Three experiments were conducted to determine the feed processing method best suited for early and conventionallyweaned pigs, and to investigate the effects of different extrusion temperatures on ileal digestibility of amino acids in diets containing different protein sources. In exp.1, a total of 108 pigs (Landrace×Yorkshire×Duroc; 24 d of age and 7.60 kg average body weight) were alloted on the basis of sex, weight and ancestry to three treatments in a randomized complete block design. Feed processing methods used were mash (M), simple pellet (SP), and expanded pellet (EP). In exp. 2, a total of 96 pigs (Landrace×Yorkshire×Duroc; 14 d of age) were allotted on the basis of sex, weight, and ancestry to three treatments in a randomized complete block design. Diets were mash (M), expanded pellet (EP), and expanded pellet crumble (EPC). In exp. 3, a study was designed to investigate the effect of different extrusion temperatures (100, 120, and 140°C) over the control (untreated) on the ileal digestibility of amino acids in diets containing protein sources such as spray-dried plasma protein (SDPP), whey protein concentrate (WPC), and fish meal (FM). Results in exp.1 showed that ADG, ADFI and the F/G ratio of pigs fed the SP diet were improved (p<0.05) compared with those fed the M or the EP diets, but the digestibility of nutrients was not different (p>0.05) among the treatments. In exp. 2, pigs fed expanded pellet treatments (EP or EPC) had a significantly improved (p<0.05) F/G ratio compared to the pigs fed the M diet which was primarily attributed to the significant reduction (p<0.05) in ADFI, but the overall growth rate of pigs fed expanded pellet diets was not improved. In exp. 3, there was a significant interaction effect (p<0.05) between the extrusion temperature and protein source on the ileal digestibility of amino acids. With an extrusion temperature of 100°C, the ileal digestibility of Lys, Val, Gly and Ser was significantly lower in the diet containing WPC compared to the diet containing SDPP. Increasing the temperature to 120°C led to significant differences (p<0.05) in the digestibility of Thr and Tyr between diets containing WPC and SDPP. Regardless of extrusion temperatures, the weaned pigs' diet containing either SDPP or FM had significantly higher Lys, Phe, Thr, Val, and Gly digestibility relative to the WPC diet. Results of the present study suggest that simple pelleting of diets containing protein sources such as whey protein concentrate, spray-dried plasma protein and fish meal would be better than the extruded or expanded pellet diets. Extruder or expander processing of weaned pigs' feed could reduce palatability and ileal digestibility of several amino acids and therefore may be responsible for a negative growth response in weaned pigs.

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“…Therefore, the utilization of energy may be greater in pigs fed extruded corn versus raw corn. However, the ileal digestibility of lysine or nitrogen in extruded corn is not different from that in raw corn (Herkelman et al, 1990;Chae et al, 2000). Dietary fibre reduces energy and nutrient digestibility by pigs and as a consequence, increases fecal mass and nutri-ent excretion (Shi and Noblet, 1994;Canh et al, 1998;Davidson and McDonald, 1998).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy content and amino acid digestibility of extruded and dehulled-extruded corn by pigs and its effect on the performance of weaned pigs

Liu¹,

Zang²,

Liu³

et al. 2014

CZECH J ANIM SCI

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ABSTRACT:Three experiments were conducted to compare raw corn, extruded corn, and dehulled-extruded corn in piglets' feeding. In Experiment (Exp.) 1, 8 barrows (19.9 ± 0.6 kg) were fed experimental diets containing one out of three corn samples and a rice-soybean meal basal diet in a double 4 × 4 Latin square design to determine the digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) in the corn samples using the difference method. The DE content in extruded (14.29 MJ/kg) and dehulled-extruded (14.42 MJ/kg) corn was greater (P < 0.05) than in raw corn (13.57 MJ/kg). In Exp. 2, 5 barrows (26.2 ± 1.3 kg) were fitted with ileal T-cannulas and used in a 5 × 5 Latin square design to determine the apparent (AID) and standardized (SID) ileal digestibility of amino acids (AA). The diets comprised the basal diet, the three corn diets from Exp. 1, as well as a nitrogenfree diet to estimate basal endogenous losses of AA. The AID and SID of isoleucine, leucine, lysine, threonine, and valine in dehulled-extruded corn was lower (P < 0.05) than in raw or extruded corn. In Exp. 3, 108 weaned 35 days old piglets (8.4 ± 1.2 kg) were allotted to one of the three diets based on corn type. Weaned pigs fed diets containing extruded or dehulled-extruded corn exhibited reduced (P < 0.05) weight gain and feed intake than pigs fed diets containing raw corn. The diet containing dehulled-extruded corn resulted in a higher incidence of diarrhoea. In summary, extrusion of corn did not result in improvements in digestibility and dehulling corn prior to extrusion appeared to result in heat damage which reduced ileal digestibility of AA. Substitution of raw corn with extruded or dehulled-extruded corn in starter diets formulated to equal quantities of ME and SID AA content did not improve the performance of weaned pigs.

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Effects of particle size and extrusion of maize and sorghum on ileal digestibility and growth performance in pigs weaned at 14 and 21 days of age

Cited by 5 publications

References 16 publications

Effect of grinding intensity and pelleting of the diet on indoor particulate matter concentrations and growth performance of weanling pigs1

Effect of grinding intensity and pelleting of the diet on indoor particulate matter concentrations and growth performance of weanling pigs1

Effects of Feed Processing Methods on Growth Performance and Ileal Digestibility of Amino Acids in Young Pigs

Energy content and amino acid digestibility of extruded and dehulled-extruded corn by pigs and its effect on the performance of weaned pigs

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