Effects of partially replacing dietary corn with molasses, condensed whey permeate, or treated condensed whey permeate on ruminal microbial fermentation

Ravelo, A.; Agustinho, Bruna Calvo; Arce-Cordero, J.A.; Monterio, H.F.; Bennet, S.L.; Sarmikasoglou, E.; Vinyard, James R; Vieira, Elis Regina de Queiroz; Lobo, Richard Roberto; Ferraretto, L.F.; Vyas, D.; Faciola, A.P.

doi:10.3168/jds.2021-20818

Cited by 9 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…In the solid samples, the relative abundance of Succinivibrionaceae ( P = 0.02) and Clostridia_UCG-014 ( P = 0.02) were greater in CON compared to both MOL and TCWP. The Succinivibrionaceae family has been positively correlated with propionate ( Xue et al, 2019 ) which concords with the results observed in our companion study ( Ravelo et al, 2021 ) where the propionate molar proportion was greater in CON compared to MOL and TCWP. Similarly, Clostridia_UCG-014 has also been positively correlated with propionate in mice fecal samples ( He et al, 2022 ).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Similarly, a high ratio of Proteobacteria to the collective Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes is also indicator of rumen dysbiosis and this unbalance of microbial community can be associated with lower ruminal pH ( Auffret et al, 2017 ). These changes correspond with the pH differences observed in the treatments in our companion paper ( Ravelo et al, 2021 ). The treatments MOL and TCWP with the decreased relative abundance of Proteobacteria were also the ones with greater ruminal pH, which suggests that the inclusion of sugars may help maintain rumen eubiosis.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

“…The relative abundance of Firmicutes, which can be butyrate-producing bacteria ( Louis and Flint, 2009 ), tended to be greater in the sugar diets ( P = 0.07). With the inclusion of sugar in dairy cow diets some studies have seen an increase in butyrate concentration ( Chamberlain et al, 1993 ; de Ondarza et al, 2017 ); however, this was not an observed affect in our companion study ( Ravelo et al, 2021 ) where butyrate molar proportion was not affected by sugar inclusion. There was a tendency in Bacteroidota ( P = 0.10) where CWP had the lowest relative abundance observed.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 80%

“…For the liquid fraction samples, Prevotellaceae family relative abundance tended to be depressed in MOL, this family is known for enzymes involved in propionate and acetate formation in the ruminal microbiome ( Deusch et al, 2017 ). Less production of acetate and propionate might be partially responsible for the lesser total VFA concentration observed for MOL in our companion paper ( Ravelo et al, 2021 ). Additionally, the Spirochaetaceae family relative abundance was greater in MOL compared to CWP ( P = 0.02), and some members of this family have LPS in their outer membrane as a principal surface antigen ( Karami et al, 2014 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…Sugars can be added in the diet from 1.5 to 8% of the DM of the lactating dairy cow diet ( de Ondarza et al, 2017 ). In our companion study, condensed whey permeate, treated with a caustic agent, allowed for a similar ruminal microbial fermentation to molasses ( Ravelo et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of partially replacing dietary corn with sugars in a dual-flow continuous culture system on the ruminal microbiome

Ravelo

Arce-Cordero

Lobo

et al. 2023

Translational Animal Science

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of feeding sugars as a replacement for starch on the ruminal microbiome using a dual-flow continuous culture system. Four periods of 10 days each were conducted with 8 fermenters in a 4 × 4 replicated Latin-square design. Treatments included: 1) control with corn – CON, 2) molasses – MOL, 3) untreated condensed whey permeate – CWP, and 4) condensed whey permeate treated with a caustic agent – TCWP as a partial substitute for corn. Sugars were defined as the water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC) concentration. Diets were formulated by replacing 4% of the diet DM in the form of starch from corn with the sugars in byproducts. Microbial samples for DNA analysis were collected from the solid and liquid effluent containers at 3, 6, and 9 h after feeding. Bacterial community composition was analyzed with sequencing the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene using Illumina MiSeq platform. Data were analyzed with R 4.1.3 packages vegan, lmer, and ggplot to determine the effects of treatment on the relative abundance of taxa in the solid and liquid fractions, as well as the correlation of Acetate: Propionate ratio and pH to taxa relative abundance. Treatments did not affect alpha or beta diversity. At the phylum level the relative abundance of Proteobacteria was increased in CON compared to sugars in the solid fraction. In the liquid fraction, Firmicutes had greater relative abundance in sugar treatments while Bacteroidota and Spirochaetota were present in lower relative abundance in CWP. For solid and liquid samples, the family Lachnospiraceae had greater relative abundance in sugar treatments compared to CON. The decreased relative abundance of Christensenellaceae and Rikenellaceae paired with the greater relative abundance of Selenomonadaceae in CWP could help explain greater propionate molar proportion and decreased ruminal pH previously observed for this treatment. The genera Olsenella a lactic acid producing bacterium, had the greatest relative abundance in MOL. Incorporating TCWP or MOL as a partial replacement for starch was more conservative of fibrolytic bacterial taxa compared to CWP. Additionally, TCWP did not increase bacterial taxa associated with synthesis of lactate as compared to MOL. Overall, replacing starch with sugars is mostly conservative of the ruminal microbiome; however, changes observed coincide with differences observed in acetate and propionate proportions and ruminal pH.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 80%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 62%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of partially replacing dietary corn with sugars in a dual-flow continuous culture system on the ruminal microbiome

Ravelo

Arce-Cordero

Lobo

et al. 2023

Translational Animal Science

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Can dietary magnesium sources and buffer change the ruminal microbiota composition and fermentation of lactating dairy cows?

Lobo

Arce-Cordero

Agustinho

et al. 2023

Journal of Animal Science

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Magnesium oxide (MgO) is one of the most used Mg supplements in livestock. However, to avoid relying upon only one Mg source, it is important to have alternative Mg sources. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the interaction of two Mg sources with buffer use on the ruminal microbiota composition, ruminal fermentation, and nutrient digestibility in lactating dairy cows. Twenty lactating Holstein cows were blocked by parity and days in milk into 5 blocks with 4 cows each, in a 2 × 2 factorial design. Within blocks, cows were assigned to 1 of 4 treatments: 1) MgO; 2) MgO + Na sesquicarbonate (MgO+); 3) calcium magnesium hydroxide (CaMgOH); 4) CaMgOH + Na sesquicarbonate (CaMgOH+). For 60 days, cows were individually fed a corn silage-based diet, and treatments were top-dressed. Ruminal fluid was collected via an orogastric tube, for analyses of the microbiota composition, volatile fatty acids (VFA), lactate, and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N). The microbiota composition was analyzed using V4/16S rRNA gene sequencing, and taxonomy was assigned using the Silva database. Statistical analysis was carried out following the procedures of block design analysis, where block and cow were considered random variables. Effects of Mg source, buffer, and the interaction between Mg Source × Buffer were analyzed through orthogonal contrasts. There was no interaction effect of the two factors evaluated. There was a greater concentration of NH3-N, lactate, and butyrate in the ruminal fluid of cows fed CaMg(OH)2, regardless of the buffer use. The increase in these fermentation intermediates/ end-products can be explained by an increase in abundance of microorganisms of the genus Prevotella, Lactobacillus, and Butyrivibrio, which are microorganisms mainly responsible for proteolysis, lactate-production, and butyrate-production in the rumen, respectively. Also, dietary buffer use did not affect the ruminal fermentation metabolites and pH; however, an improvement of the apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), neutral fiber detergent (NDF), and acid fiber detergent (ADF) were found for animals fed dietary buffer. In summary, there was no interaction effect of buffer use and Mg source, whereas buffer improved total tract apparent digestibility of DM and OM through an increase in NDF and ADF digestibility and CaMg(OH)2 increased ruminal concentration of butyrate and abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria.

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Effects of sucrose and lactose as partial replacement to corn in lactating dairy cow diets: a review

Ravelo

Vyas

Ferraretto

et al. 2022

Translational Animal Science

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Carbohydrates are one of the three macronutrients that provides energy in diets and are classified by their structures. Starch is a nonstructural carbohydrate and polysaccharide made of glucose monomers used for storage in plant cells. When starch makes up greater than 30% of the DM in diets there can be adverse effects on NDF digestibility due to decreases in ruminal pH. Sugars are water soluble carbohydrates that consist of monosaccharide and disaccharide units. Sugars ferment faster than starch because microorganisms in the rumen can ferment carbohydrates at different rates depending on their structure; however, this has not been shown to have negative effects on the ruminal pH. Sources of sugars such as molasses (sucrose) or whey (lactose) can be included in the diet as a partial replacement for starch in dairy cow diets. The purpose of replacing starch with sugars in a diet would be to add differing sources of carbohydrates in the diet to allow for continual fermentation of carbohydrates by the microorganisms in the rumen. It has been seen in studies and previous literature that the partial replacement of starch with sugars has the potential to maintain the ruminal environment and milk yield and composition in dairy cows without reducing NDF digestibility. The objective of this review is to evaluate the effects of partially replacing starch with sugars in dairy diets and its implication on ruminal fermentation, nutrient utilization, milk production, and feeding replacement strategy.

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Effects of partially replacing dietary corn with molasses, condensed whey permeate, or treated condensed whey permeate on ruminal microbial fermentation

Cited by 9 publications

References 63 publications

Effects of partially replacing dietary corn with sugars in a dual-flow continuous culture system on the ruminal microbiome

Effects of partially replacing dietary corn with sugars in a dual-flow continuous culture system on the ruminal microbiome

Can dietary magnesium sources and buffer change the ruminal microbiota composition and fermentation of lactating dairy cows?

Effects of sucrose and lactose as partial replacement to corn in lactating dairy cow diets: a review

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