Effects of Partially Hydrogenated Fish Oil, Partially Hydrogenated Soybean Oil, and Butter on Hemostatic Variables in Men

Abstract

We have compared the effects of partially hydrogenated fish oil (PHFO diet), partially hydrogenated soybean oil (PHSO diet), and butterfat (butter diet) on fibrinolytic and coagulation variables in 31 young men. The three test margarines, which contributed 78% of total fat in the diets, contained 70% butterfat, PHSO, or PHFO, each with 30% of soybean oil. Fat provided approximately 35% of energy, and the content of trans-fatty acids was 0.9%, 8.5%, and 8.0% of energy in the butter diet, PHSO diet, and PHFO diet, respectively. All diets contained 420 mg cholesterol per 10 megajoules per day. All subjects consumed all three test diets for 3 weeks, in a random order (crossover design). The PHSO diet resulted in higher levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 antigen and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 activity than the two other test diets. Fibrinogen increased on the butter diet compared with the PHFO diet. No significant differences in the levels of factor VII, fibrinopeptide A, D-dimer, tissue plasminogen activator or beta-thromboglobulin were observed between the three test diets. The PHFO and the PHSO diets have previously been shown to result in higher levels of Lp(a) compared with the butter diet. The present findings indicate that PHSO has unfavorable antifibrinolytic effects relative to PHFO and butter and that butter may be procoagulant relative to PHFO. More controlled studies are needed to assess definitely the impact of different hydrogenated fats on risk of coronary heart disease.

Diterpenes from coffee beans decrease serum levels of lipoprotein(a) in humans: results from four randomised controlled trials

“…For other agents known to in¯uence the serum level of Lp(a), this could have important implications. For instance, the evidence for the Lp(a)-elevating of dietary trans fatty acids is derived from short-term experiments only (Mensink et al, 1992;Nestel et al, 1992;Almendingen et al, 1995). The present ®ndings emphasize the need for intervention trials of longer duration in studying effects of diet or drugs on Lp(a) levels.…”

“…Therefore, it is unlikely that the reductions in Lp(a) levels were due to anything else than treatment with coffee diterpenes. Despite its structural similarity to LDL, the circulating level of Lp(a) is remarkably insensitive to dietary intervention; by now, only dietary trans fatty acids have consistently been proven to be effective, as they modestly raise Lp(a) levels (Mensink et al, 1992;Nestel et al, 1992;Almendingen et al, 1995). Fish oils (Beil et al, 1991;Haglund et al, 1994) as well as high doses of ascorbic acid (Rath, 1992) Intake of cafestol alone was effective in reducing Lp(a) levels, and the addition of kahweol had little extra effect (trial D).…”

Near infrared spectroscopy—a potentially useful method for rapid determination of fat and protein content in homogenized diets

“…trace elements, trans fatty acids, heavy metals or other non-nutrients. The method can also be used as a quality control in controlled dietary intervention studies in order to check the estimated vs the actual nutrient intake (Almendingen et al, 1995).…”

The occurrence of trans-18:1 isomers in plasma lipids classes in humans

“…Several studies have shown that TFA increase lowdensity lipoprotein (LDL-C) and decrease high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in humans compared with oleic acid (Judd et al, 1994;Sundram et al, 1997;Lichtenstein, 2000) with the effect of TFA on LDL-C being similar to that of butterfat (Almendingen et al, 1995). Lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)), an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), was also signi®cantly higher in diets enriched with TFA compared with oleic acid or a saturated fatty acids (SFA) diet (Nestel et al, 1992;Katan et al, 1995;Aro et al, 1995).…”