Effects of parenteral nutrition with high doses of linoleate on the developing human liver and brain

Martínez, Manuela; Ballabriga, A

doi:10.1007/bf02537290

Cited by 108 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(22 reference statements)

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“…However, high levels of C18:2n-6 seemed to affect its elongation and desaturation products negatively, probably due to an inhibition by this fatty acid of the biosynthesis of the delta-6-desaturase (Innis, 1986;Martinez & Ballabriga, 1987). This enzyme is essential for the linoleic acid metabolites bio-availability, so a modification of its activity has repercussions on the biosynthesis of all the fatty acids (Sprecher, 1981).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long Term Effects on Lipid Metabolism in Miniature Swine (Sus scrofa) of Diets Enriched in Saturated, Monounsaturated and Polyunsaturated (n-6 and n-3) Fatty Acids

Seiquer¹,

Martínez-Victoria²,

Mañas³

et al. 1996

Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry

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In this paper we study the effect of long-term adaptation (twelve months) of lipidic parameters of miniature swine to diets enriched in saturated (lard; L-group), monounsaturated (olive-oil; O-group) and polyunsaturated (sunflower and fish-oil; S-and F-groups respectively). The experimental group with the highest level of total cholesterol, free cholesterol and phospholipids was the S-group. This group had as well levels of HDL-C and LDL-C significantly higher when compared with the remaining groups. The L-group had the lowest value of HDL-C. In spite of that, the index of atherogenicity (HDL/LDL+VLDL) was significantly higher in the L-group, followed by the O-, F-and S-group respectively. On the other hand, after 12 months adaptation we observed that the fatty acid composition of serum lipids clearly reflects the quality of the dietary fats. The O-group had significantly higher serum oleic acid levels than all the other groups, and its content in saturated fatty acids was the lowest. The same happens with red blood cell (Rbcs) membranes fatty acids but the effect is less marked. Membranes of the L-group were found to have the highest saturation index (SI) in Rbcs membranes, while the F-group had the highest unsaturation index (UI), followed by the O-group. Taken together, our findings show that the diet enriched in olive oil produces a lipid pattern intermediate between that obtained with the fish-oil-diet and the sunflower-oil-diet but with the advantage of Rbcs membranes with a lower amount of PUFAS.As it is known, membranes with high percentages of PUFAS are more accessible for peroxidation, and the degree of peroxidation of lipids is directly related with changes in the membranes functionality.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long Term Effects on Lipid Metabolism in Miniature Swine (Sus scrofa) of Diets Enriched in Saturated, Monounsaturated and Polyunsaturated (n-6 and n-3) Fatty Acids

Seiquer¹,

Martínez-Victoria²,

Mañas³

et al. 1996

Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry

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“…When the normal accumulation ofDHA (22:6n-3) in the retina and brain is limited during development by diets deficient in the n-3 fatty acid, a-linolenate, deficits in visual acuity (1), abnormal retinal responses to light (2)(3)(4)(5)(6), and impaired discrimination learning (7)(8)(9) occur in rats and primates. VLBW infants may also be at risk for inadequate accumulation of this fatty acid during development, not because of n-3-deficient diets, but because they miss the period of greatest intrauterine accretion (10)(11)(12) and frequently receive diets without DHA after birth (13)(14)(15).…”

Section: Anova Analysis Of Variancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The data presented represent the following numbers of control and supplemented infants, respectively, at each age: 6 mo, 34 and 33; 9 mo, 31 and 31; 12 mo, 28 and 28. Experimental Design. Short-term study (study 1). The objectives of this study were I ) to compare the acute effects of commercially prepared formulas containing two levels of marine oil on several 20-to 22-carbon n-6 and n-3 fatty acids in preterm infants and 2 ) to make this comparison with formulas containing 3.0% LLA (1.5% energy) instead of 0.6 to 2.0% LLA (approximately 0.3-1 .O% energy) as fed previously (16)(17)(18).…”

Section: Selection Of Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Feeding of Formulas High in Linolenic Acid and Marine Oil to Very Low Birth Weight Infants: Phospholipid Fatty Acids

et al. 1991

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“…The relative contribution of the liver and brain in this situation is more difficult to ascertain in nondeficient animals. For example, in humans (38) and rats (39), the liver has as high a level of DHA as the developing brain. Perhaps the immature chick liver, unlike the brain and retina, has less 6-4 desaturase activity.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Docosahexaenoic Acid Is the Preferred Dietary n-3 Fatty Acid for the Development of the Brain and Retina

1990

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ABSTRACT. The metabolism of individual dietary n-3 fatty acids was studied in n-3 fatty acid-deficient newly hatched chicks. Laying hens were fed the n-6 fatty acid, ethyl linoleate, as the only source of polyunsaturated fat. Chicks were then fed the n-3-deficient hens' diet, or one of three other diets supplemented with the ethyl ester of 18:3n-3, 20:5n-3 [eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)], or 22:6n-3 [docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)] at 0.44% of calories. At the end of 0, 1, 2, and 3 wk, the fatty acid composition of the brain, retina, liver, and serum was determined. Dietary EPA and DHA were equally effective at raising levels of DHA in the brain and retina. Dietary 18:3 was relatively ineffective in restoring brain and retina DHA. In the n-3-deficient chicks fed EPA or DHA, levels of DHA recovered to control values in both the brain and retina by 3 wk. Very little EPA accumulated in the brain or retina of chicks fed EPA. Hepatic synthesis of DHA from EPA appeared low, suggesting that the brain and retina synthesized the DHA that accumulated rapidly in these tissues after the feeding of EPA. The 6-4-desaturase enzyme was apparently very active, then, in the brain and retina. Retroconversion of dietary 22:6 to 22:5 and 20:5 was evident in the serum, liver, and retina but not in the brain. Thus, it was possible to study the relative metabolism and especially the interconversion of n-3 fatty acids in a environment uncomplicated by existing stores of these essential fatty acids. This study would suggest that 18:3 as the sole source of n-3 fatty acids in the diets of animals, including the human infant, may not be adequate for the biochemical development of the brain and retina and that dietary DHA is the preferred fatty acid of the n-3 series. (Pediatr Res 27: 89-97, 1990) Abbreviations DHA, docosahexaenoic acid EPA, eicosapentaenoic acid The n-3 family of polyunsaturated fatty acids has become the focus of much interest because of evidence that these compounds

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Effects of parenteral nutrition with high doses of linoleate on the developing human liver and brain

Cited by 108 publications

References 42 publications

Long Term Effects on Lipid Metabolism in Miniature Swine (Sus scrofa) of Diets Enriched in Saturated, Monounsaturated and Polyunsaturated (n-6 and n-3) Fatty Acids

Long Term Effects on Lipid Metabolism in Miniature Swine (Sus scrofa) of Diets Enriched in Saturated, Monounsaturated and Polyunsaturated (n-6 and n-3) Fatty Acids

Long-Term Feeding of Formulas High in Linolenic Acid and Marine Oil to Very Low Birth Weight Infants: Phospholipid Fatty Acids

Docosahexaenoic Acid Is the Preferred Dietary n-3 Fatty Acid for the Development of the Brain and Retina

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