Effects of pallidotomy on motor symptoms in an animal model of Parkinson's disease

Targeting the Progression of Parkinsons Disease

“…In many models [174] and also human parkinsonism, STN and GPi ablation have shown to improve behavioral outcomes associated with the disease. The procedure itself is irreversible, with serious complications that could lead to permanent disability particularly impairment of speech and visual modalities.…”

Pisa syndrome after unilateral pallidotomy in Parkinson's disease: an unrecognised, delayed adverse event?

“…2 The rarely reported acquired unilateral pallidal lesions in humans seem to particularly give rise to contralateral limb dystonia, hemidystonia or hemiparkinsonism rather than to axial abnormalities. 3 If the leaning in our patients is directly related to the pallidum lesion, the delay of 4-9 years after pallidotomy is rather difficult to explain, although delayed-onset progressive dystonia has been reported in bilateral anoxic pallidal lesions.…”

“…6 In a 6-hydroxydopamine rat model of Parkinson's disease, with a unilateral substantia nigra lesion causing ipsiversive body axis deviation without and contraversive turning with dopamine agonists, a unilateral pallidotomy (ipsilateral to the substantia nigra lesion) alleviated both body axis asymmetry and abnormal turning. 2 The human correlate seems to be the notion that the scoliosis to the right in patients with postencephalitic parkinsonism with clinically more left-side than right-side involvement was corrected after a right pallidotomy. 5 Further extrapolation to our patients is impossible because animal models or human data that predict the net effect of a unilateral pallidal lesion in a system of bilateral but asymmetrical nigrostriatal dopamine deficiency and chronic exposure to dopaminergic agents on truncal posture are not available.…”

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, 2nd edn

“…2 The rarely reported acquired unilateral pallidal lesions in humans seem to particularly give rise to contralateral limb dystonia, hemidystonia or hemiparkinsonism rather than to axial abnormalities. 2 The rarely reported acquired unilateral pallidal lesions in humans seem to particularly give rise to contralateral limb dystonia, hemidystonia or hemiparkinsonism rather than to axial abnormalities.…”

“…4 5 This is corroborated by animal studies, as rodents with unilateral lesions of the substantia nigra display a deviated spinal curvature and/or abnormal turning behaviour directed towards the lesioned side; however, when these animals are given dopaminergic agents, their body asymmetry reverses from ipsiversive to contraversive. 2 The human correlate seems to be the notion that the scoliosis to the right in patients with postencephalitic parkinsonism with clinically more left-side than right-side involvement was corrected after a right pallidotomy. 2 The human correlate seems to be the notion that the scoliosis to the right in patients with postencephalitic parkinsonism with clinically more left-side than right-side involvement was corrected after a right pallidotomy.…”