Effects of Paint Composition and Conditions for Making Films on Melamine Resin Concentration in the Surface of Polyester Films

Kitamura, Hiroshi; Oka, Joji; Tsutsumi, Masaya

doi:10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.83.11_731

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Kojima et al 2 used XPS to show that the nitrogen content at the air-film interface of melamine-polyester films increased with an increas-ing amount of the acid catalyst, and they attributed this heterogeneity to the self-condensation of melamine. Kanai et al [3][4][5] showed that the use of an amine-blocked acid catalyst led to the surface enrichment of melamine, whereas a nonblocked acid catalyst did not.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hirayama and Urban 6 used attenuated total reflectance (ATR) to show that the distribution of surface melamine in hexamethoxymethylmelamine (HMMM)/polyester films was uniform unless the hydroxy content was low and the cure temperatures were relatively high. Kanai et al 4,5 and Hirayama and Urban 6 both reported that the stain resistance and surface hardness could be improved in polyester-melamine films, without a marked sacrifice of flexibility, through the surface enrichment of melamine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distribution of melamine in polyester–melamine surface coatings cured under nonisothermal conditions

Gamage

Hill

Lukey

et al. 2003

J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem.

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The influence of experimental cure parameters on the diffusion of reactive species in polyester–melamine thermoset coatings during curing has been investigated with X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared. The diffusion of melamine plays a vital role in the curing process and, therefore, in the ultimate properties of coatings. At a low (<20%) hexamethoxymethylmelamine (HMMM) crosslinker concentration, the matrix composition is uniform, but at high HMMM concentrations, excess HMMM rapidly segregates to the air–coating interface. The rate of migration is governed by the difference in the surface free energies of polyester and HMMM and the concentration gradient of HMMM between the bulk and the surface. An increased rate of energy absorption also increases the rate of migration of HMMM to the surface. A physical model has been proposed to explain this surface segregation phenomenon in terms of cocondensation and self‐condensation reactions. It suggests that an appropriate amount of melamine can be segregated on the surface and allowed to self‐condense to form a desired thickness of a melamine topcoat through the control of the binder composition and cure conditions. This technique can be implemented to apply a melamine topcoat during cure. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 83–91, 2004

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of melamine in polyester–melamine surface coatings cured under nonisothermal conditions

Gamage

Hill

Lukey

et al. 2003

J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Kojima et al2 used XPS to show that the nitrogen content at the air–film interface of melamine–polyester films increased with an increasing amount of the acid catalyst, and they attributed this heterogeneity to the self‐condensation of melamine. Kanai et al3–5 showed that the use of an amine‐blocked acid catalyst led to the surface enrichment of melamine, whereas a nonblocked acid catalyst did not.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hirayama and Urban6 used attenuated total reflectance (ATR) to show that the distribution of surface melamine in hexamethoxymethylmelamine (HMMM)/polyester films was uniform unless the hydroxy content was low and the cure temperatures were relatively high. Kanai et al4, 5 and Hirayama and Urban6 both reported that the stain resistance and surface hardness could be improved in polyester–melamine films, without a marked sacrifice of flexibility, through the surface enrichment of melamine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of degree of saponification on the rheological properties of syndiotactic poly(vinyl alcohol)/ water solution

Lyoo¹,

Seo²,

Yeum³

et al. 2002

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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ABSTRACT:To identify the effect of degree of saponification (DS) of syndiotactic poly(vinyl alcohol)s (s-PVA)s having similar tacticity and molecular weight on the rheological properties of s-PVA/water solution, four kinds of (s-PVA)s with assigned (DS)s, from 93.1 to 97.5%, were prepared by copolymerization of vinyl pivalate (VPi) and vinyl acetate (VAc), followed by saponifying the corresponding copoly(VPi/VAc). The DS played a significant role in rheological behavior. Over the frequency range of 10 Ϫ1 to 10 2 rad/s s-PVA with higher DS shows more shear thinning at similar molecular weight and tacticity of polymer, suggesting that PVA molecules are more readily oriented as DS increases. This may provide indirect evidence of the spontaneous in situ orientation of s-PVA molecules at the late stage of saponification. Yield stress is higher for s-PVA with higher DS at similar molecular weight and tacticity of s-PVA. This indicates that more domains with internal order are produced at higher saponification. These facts result from increase in stiffness of s-PVA molecules with proceeding the saponification reaction.

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Effects of Paint Composition and Conditions for Making Films on Melamine Resin Concentration in the Surface of Polyester Films

Cited by 2 publications

References 2 publications

Distribution of melamine in polyester–melamine surface coatings cured under nonisothermal conditions

Distribution of melamine in polyester–melamine surface coatings cured under nonisothermal conditions

Effect of degree of saponification on the rheological properties of syndiotactic poly(vinyl alcohol)/ water solution

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