Effects of Pacifier Use on Transition Time from Gavage to Breastfeeding in Preterm Infants: A Randomized Controlled Trial

B, Say; Şimşek, Gülsüm Kadıoğlu; Canpolat, Fuat Emre; Oğuz, Şerife Suna

doi:10.1089/bfm.2018.0031

Cited by 23 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…In a study conducted by Say et al in 2018 on the effect of pacifier on the transition time from gavage to breastfeeding in preterm infants, they found that the transition time to full breastfeeding was significantly shorter in the pacifier group compared to the control group. They concluded that giving pacifiers to preterm infants during gavage feeding can reduce the duration of transition to oral feeding and the duration of hospitalization [ 11 ]. These results are consistent with the findings of the present study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Younesian et al noted that due to the combined use of the two methods, it is not clear whether NNS or oral massage is more effective [ 1 , 8 ]. In studies conducted by Say et al [ 11 ] and Mohammadi PirKashani et al [ 12 ], these two methods have been presented separately and have not been compared with each other. It is not clear which method is better and more suitable for clinical use.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of the effect of two methods of sucking on pacifier and mother's finger on oral feeding behavior in preterm infants: a randomized clinical trial

et al. 2022

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Background Oral feeding problems will cause long-term hospitalization of the infant and increase the cost of hospitalization. This study aimed to compare the effect of two methods of sucking on pacifier and mother's finger on oral feeding behavior in preterm infants. Methods This single-blind randomized controlled clinical trial was performed in the neonatal intensive care unit of Babol Rouhani Hospital, Iran. 150 preterm infants with the gestational age of 31 to 33 weeks were selected and were divided into three groups of 50 samples using randomized block method, including non-nutritive sucking on mother’s finger (A), pacifier (B) and control (C). Infants in groups A and B were stimulated with mother’s finger or pacifier three times a day for five minutes before gavage, for ten days exactly. For data collection, demographic characteristics questionnaire and preterm infant breastfeeding behavior scale were used. Results The mean score of breastfeeding behavior in preterm infants in the three groups of A,B,C was 12.34 ± 3.37, 11.00 ± 3.55, 10.40 ± 4.29 respectively, which had a significant difference between the three groups (p = 0.03). The mean rooting score between three groups of A, B, and C was 1.76 ± 0.47, 1.64 ± 0.48, and 1.40 ± 0.90 (p < 0.001) respectively. Also, the mean sucking score in groups of A, B and C was 2.52 ± 0.76, 2.28 ± 0.64 and 2.02 ± 0.74 respectively, which had a significant difference (p = 0.003), but other scales had no significant difference between the three groups (P > 0.05). The mean time to achieve independent oral feeding between the three groups of A, B, C was 22.12 ± 8.15, 22.54 ± 7.54 and 25.86 ± 7.93 days respectively (p = 0.03), and duration of hospitalization was 25.98 ± 6.78, 27.28 ± 6.20, and 29.36 ± 5.97 days (p = 0.02), which had a significant difference. But there was no significant difference between the two groups of A and B in terms of rooting, sucking, the total score of breastfeeding behavior and time of achieving independent oral feeding (P > 0.05). Conclusion Considering the positive effect of these two methods, especially non-nutritive sucking on mother’s finger, on increasing oral feeding behaviors, it is recommended to implement these low-cost methods for preterm infants admitted to neonatal intensive care unit. Trial Registration Trial Registration: IRCT, IRCT20191116045460N1. Registered 11 January 2020- prospective registered.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the effect of two methods of sucking on pacifier and mother's finger on oral feeding behavior in preterm infants: a randomized clinical trial

et al. 2022

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“…Of the ten studies included, five covered term infants [8][9][10][11]18] and five preterm infants [13,[19][20][21][22] (Table S1). In the studies with term infants, the intervention groups were instructed not to offer pacifiers during hospital stay or longer (up to 3 months).…”

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pacifier use and breastfeeding in term and preterm newborns—a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2022

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The purpose of this study is to assess whether pacifier use is associated with breastfeeding success in term and preterm newborns and whether it influences hospitalization time in preterm newborns. Four databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and a systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted. The risk of bias and evidence quality, according to the GRADE methodology, were analyzed. Risk ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for dichotomous outcomes and mean difference (MD) for continuous outcomes were used. The random effect model was used if heterogeneity was high (I2 over 40%). We screened 772 abstracts, assessed 44 full texts, and included 10 studies, of which 5 focused on term and 5 on preterm newborns. There were a few concerns about the risk of bias in 9 of the 10 studies. Breastfeeding rates were analyzed at 2, 3, 4, and 6 months, and the success rates were similar between the restricted and free pacifier use groups (evidence quality was moderate to high). In preterm neonates, the use of a pacifier shortened the duration of hospitalization by 7 days (MD 7.23, CI 3.98–10.48) and the time from gavage to total oral feeding by more than 3 days (MD 3.21 days, CI 1.19–5.24) (evidence quality was ranked as moderate). Conclusions: Based on our meta-analysis, pacifier use should not be restricted in term newborns, as it is not associated with lower breastfeeding success rates. Furthermore, introducing pacifiers to preterm newborns should be considered, as it seems to shorten the time to discharge as well as the transition time from gavage to total oral feeding. What is Known:• Observational studies show that infants who use a pacifier are weaned from breastfeeding earlier.• Previous randomized studies have not presented such results, and there have been no differences in the successful breastfeeding rates regardless of the use of pacifier. What is New:• Term and preterm newborns do not have worse breastfeeding outcomes if a pacifier is introduced to them, and additionally preterm newborns have shorter hospitalization times.• The decision to offer a pacifier should depend on the caregivers instead of hospital policy or staff recommendation, as there is no evidence to support the prohibition or restriction.

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“…These results are controversial, in that breastfeeding, breast milk, and glucose/sucrose administration were found to be more effective [ 11 ]. In addition, when using a pacifier, a shortened time to transition to full breastfeeding, to the time to discharge, and to oral feeding is observed [ 12 , 13 ]. For preterm infants, the pacifier has no effect on hospital stay, but their transition to full enteral or bottle feeds was easier [ 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conformity between Pacifier Design and Palate Shape in Preterm and Term Infants Considering Age-Specific Palate Size, Facial Profile and Lip Thickness

et al. 2022

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This retrospective case-control study is the first to examine the spatial conformity between pacifiers and palates in 39 preterm infants (12 females, 27 males) and 34 term infants (19 females, 15 males), taking into account the facial-soft-tissue profile and thickness. The shape of 74 available pacifiers was spatially matched to the palate, and conformity was examined using width, height, and length measurements. In summary, the size concept of pacifiers is highly variable and does not follow a growth pattern, like infant palates do. Pacifiers are too undersized in width, length, and height to physiologically fit the palate structures from 0 to 14 months of age. There are two exceptions, but only for premature palates: the palatal depth index at 9–11 months of age, which has no clinical meaning, and the nipple length at <37 weeks of age, which bears a resemblance to the maternal nipple during non-nutritive sucking. It can be concluded that the age-size concept of the studied pacifiers does not correspond to any natural growth pattern. Physiologically aligned, pacifiers do not achieve the age-specific dimensions of the palate. The effects attributed to the products on oral health in term infants cannot be supposed.

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Effects of Pacifier Use on Transition Time from Gavage to Breastfeeding in Preterm Infants: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Cited by 23 publications

References 20 publications

Comparison of the effect of two methods of sucking on pacifier and mother's finger on oral feeding behavior in preterm infants: a randomized clinical trial

Comparison of the effect of two methods of sucking on pacifier and mother's finger on oral feeding behavior in preterm infants: a randomized clinical trial

Pacifier use and breastfeeding in term and preterm newborns—a systematic review and meta-analysis

Conformity between Pacifier Design and Palate Shape in Preterm and Term Infants Considering Age-Specific Palate Size, Facial Profile and Lip Thickness

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