Effects of Ozone on Evaporative Water Loss and Thermoregulatory Behavior of Marine Toads (Bufo marinus)

Dohm, Michael R.; Mautz, William J.; Looby, Patrick G.; Gellert, Kapuaola S.; Andrade, Joy A.

doi:10.1006/enrs.2001.4276

Cited by 15 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Le Galliard et al (2003) found higher repeatability (s = 0.66) for T sel in female Lacerta vivipara between two successive days. Dohm et al (2001) also found higher repeatability (s = 0.66) of T sel in marine toads (Bufo marinus) across five trial days, which included pre-and post-exposure to ozone. In juvenile garter snakes, Arnold et al (1995) found a significant repeatability of 0.47 for T sel recorded twice a day during five consecutive days.…”

Section: N (Individuals)mentioning

confidence: 72%

Low repeatability of preferred body temperature in four species of Cordylid lizards: Temporal variation and implications for adaptive significance

et al. 2006

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Preferred body temperatures (T sel ) of ectotherms are important for ecological and evolutionary studies. In lizards, the measurement of T sel is controversial for several reasons, generally related to hypotheses addressing how T sel may evolve in the wild. Although seldom explicitly tested, evolutionary hypotheses of adaptation to local climate require that T sel meets the conditions of natural selection, which include repeatability, heritability and a link to fitness. Here, we investigated repeatability (s, intra-class correlation coefficient) of T sel at several time-scales using four Cordylid species from heterogeneous thermal habitats. Although there was significant inter-individual variation within days (P < 0.005 in most cases), there was no significant inter-individual variation when calculated across several days (P > 0.05). Repeatability was low in all species investigated (from 0 to 0.482) when compared against other estimates of repeatability of T sel in the literature. Irrespective of how T sel was calculated, it showed inconsistent and variable temporal effects across species. Furthermore, repeatability of T sel did not change with acclimation to laboratory conditions. These data have implications for understanding the evolution of thermoregulation in these and other ectotherms.

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Section: N (Individuals)mentioning

confidence: 72%

Low repeatability of preferred body temperature in four species of Cordylid lizards: Temporal variation and implications for adaptive significance

et al. 2006

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“…The increase in locomotor activity displayed by the toads during the early phases of dehydration is probably a water-searching behavior associated with the stress of dehydration, as discussed by numerous authors (Heatwole and Newby, 1972;Putnam and Hillman, 1977;Brekke et al, 1991;Jorgensen, 1994;Propper and Johnson, 1994;Hillyard et al, 1998;Viborg and Rosenkilde, 2001;Dohm et al, 2001). As dehydration approaches 20-25% of hydrated body weight, postural adjustments are adopted to minimize evaporative water loss through the reduction of exposed surface area.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Rehydration, which was more rapid than dehydration, was similarly accelerated in pharmacologically treated toads. water loss when compared with a free water surface (Dohm et al, 2001). Despite the uncertain role of blood perfusion in regulating water loss across terrestrial amphibian skin, it is equally well appreciated that cutaneous perfusion in amphibians, particularly of the ventral patch, is under exquisite hormonal and neural control and that skin blood flow in terrestrial amphibians can show enormous ranges (e.g.…”

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confidence: 99%

The interplay of cutaneous water loss, gas exchange and blood flow in the toad,Bufo woodhousei:adaptations in a terrestrially adapted amphibian

Burggren

Vitalis

2005

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Cutaneous gas exchange in amphibians, which accounts for approximately two thirds of total CO 2 excretion as well as significant O 2 uptake, occurs across a well-vascularized, relatively thin and lightly keratinized epidermis (see Feder and Burggren, 1985;Boutilier et al., 1992;Shoemaker et al., 1992, for reviews). While cutaneous gas exchange per se is relatively well understood in amphibians, the interplay between cutaneous gas exchange and transcutaneous water fluxes remains enigmatic. From a physico-chemical perspective, quite different sets of forces influence water and gas movements: gas movement in both directions depends on partial pressure gradients; dehydration involves a phase change from liquid to gas as water evaporates from the skin; and rehydration involves osmotic or bulk flow. Thus, one might anticipate complex, interrelated roles for skin perfusion in each of these processes. The role of the amphibian skin as a dynamic rather than merely passive barrier to both water loss and water uptake has been long studied. Adolph (1931) reported that dead, skinned aquatic frogs lost water by evaporation in air at rates similar to a free water surface, suggesting that adjustments in cutaneous blood flow are not likely to play a key role in regulating transcutaneous water loss in amphibians. This position has been advocated by several subsequent studies (see Shoemaker and Nagy, 1977;Shoemaker et al., 1992). However, a more recent study showed that the skin of the terrestrial toad Bufo marinus offers a significant resistance to Toads experiencing dehydrating conditions exhibit complex physiological and behavioral responses, some of which can potentially impact cutaneous gas exchange, an important component of total gas exchange. We measured the effect of dehydration on cutaneous gas exchange in the xeric-adapted toad Bufo woodhousei. First, two pharmacological agents were used to stimulate cutaneous blood flow -phentolamine (an α-blocker) and isoproterenol, a β-stimulant and powerful cardioaccelerator -to determine a relationship between cutaneous blood flow and water loss. Both drugs increased heart rate and blood pressure, and caused visually evident extensive vasodilation of the skin. Untreated toads in a dry air stream took an average of 10.1±0.7·h to dehydrate to 80% body mass, while animals treated with isoproterenol and phentolamine requires only 7.2±0.8·h and 7.4±0.9·h, respectively. Rehydration, which was more rapid than dehydration, was similarly accelerated in pharmacologically treated toads. 18 O during dehydration presumably results at least in part from decreased cutaneous blood flow, possibly in an attempt to reduce the transcutaneous water loss that would otherwise result during dehydrating conditions. Concurrently, cutaneous M CO ∑ is maintained under dehyrdating conditions by a greatly increased Pa CO ∑ diffusion gradient across the skin. Thus, Bufo woodhousei appears able to restrict cutaneous blood flow without compromising vital cutaneous CO 2 loss. Cutaneous gas exchange (M

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“…Likewise, of the two aquatic species tested, Xenopus laevis was shown to lose water at the same rate as a free water surface (Wygoda, 1984), whereas Litoria dahlia was found to have a significant skin resistance (Young et al, 2005). Interestingly, the terrestrial toad Rhinella marina has been characterized as both having a significant cutaneous resistance (Dohm et al, 2001;Young et al, 2005) and none at all (Wygoda, 1984;Tracy et al, 2007).…”

mentioning

confidence: 93%

Cutaneous Resistance to Evaporative Water Loss in the Crab-eating Frog (Fejervarya cancrivora)

Wygoda

Dabruzzi

Bennett

2011

Journal of Herpetology

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Effects of Ozone on Evaporative Water Loss and Thermoregulatory Behavior of Marine Toads (Bufo marinus)

Cited by 15 publications

References 24 publications

Low repeatability of preferred body temperature in four species of Cordylid lizards: Temporal variation and implications for adaptive significance

Low repeatability of preferred body temperature in four species of Cordylid lizards: Temporal variation and implications for adaptive significance

The interplay of cutaneous water loss, gas exchange and blood flow in the toad,Bufo woodhousei:adaptations in a terrestrially adapted amphibian

Cutaneous Resistance to Evaporative Water Loss in the Crab-eating Frog (Fejervarya cancrivora)

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