Effects of ozone exposure on the ocular surface

The Effect of Ambient Titanium Dioxide Microparticle Exposure to the Ocular Surface on the Expression of Inflammatory Cytokines in the Eye and Cervical Lymph Nodes

“…This result is similar to that of a previous study that has evaluated the effect of ozone exposure on the ocular surface. 12 In that study, Lee et al 12 demonstrate that ozone exposure increases levels of IL-1b, IL-6, IL-17, and IFN-c in tears of mice. Conversely, Matsuda et al 13 have shown that PM 2.5 exposure does not increase levels of IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, and IFN-c in tears of healthy workers, but instead they have found decreased IL-5 and IL-10 in tears in groups exposed to high levels of PM 2.5 .…”

“…11 However, the effect of TiO 2 exposure on the ocular immune system was not investigated. Previous work 12 has shown that ocular exposure to ozone increases the tear levels of interleukin (IL)-1b, IL-6, IL-17, and interferon (IFN)-c in mice. On the other hand, a study which has evaluated the effect of ambient air pollution on tear cytokine levels in healthy outdoor workers shows that high levels of PM 2.5 exposure are associated with decreased IL-5 and IL-10 in tears.…”

The Effect of Ambient Ozone on Unsaturated Tear Film Wax Esters

“…Normal, healthy eyes are protected from both of these mechanisms by the antioxidant system described above and the detoxification enzymes of the cornea like aldehyde dehydrogenase 3A1, which makes up 5% to 50% of soluble corneal protein. 31 It is likely that the high ozone concentrations, which have been shown to cause dry eye symptoms in mice, 6 overload these protective systems, causing damage to the ocular surface. High ozone concentrations like this occur in highly polluted urban areas, 1 where also the prevalence of dry eye symptoms is increased.…”

“…Interestingly, exposure to increased ozone concentrations has indeed been shown to cause dry eye symptoms in mice, although their aqueous tear production was not affected. 6 In humans, elevated ozone levels in ambient air have been associated with eye irritation, but this effect has been considered to be due to other oxidants associated with ozone, such as aldehydes and peroxyacetyl nitrate. 2 The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of ozone exposure in ambient air to the lipid component of the tear film.…”

A case report of ocular chemical injury secondary to ozone gas

“…Ozone was shown to destroy some constituent proteins found in human tears and this was determined quantitatively by radial immunodiffusion (Schmut et al 1994). In a recent work by Lee et al (2013), they studied cultured human conjunctival epithelial cells and exposed them to ozone. In vivo, this showed induction of inflammatory cytokines, breakdown of epithelial integrity and decreased the number of mucin-secreting cells.…”