Effects of Oxytetracycline and Gentamicin Therapeutic Doses on Hematological, Biochemical and Hematopoietic Parameters in Cyprinus carpio Juveniles

Abstract

Hematological, biochemical and hematopoietic effects of therapeutic doses of two antibiotics, oxytetracycline (OTC) and gentamicin (GEN), in clinically healthy common carp juveniles were studied. The fish were divided into four groups: controls 1 and 2 (untreated or injected with 0.6% NaCl solution), and two groups treated with antibiotics (orally with 75 mg/kg OTC four times every two days or injected with a single dose (4 mg/kg) of GEN dissolved in 0.6% NaCl). Blood and head kidneys were sampled from all fish 3 days post-treatments for hematological, biochemical and hematopoietic tissue analyses. No major alterations in the values of hematological and serum biochemical parameters occurred following administration of OTC or GEN. Glucose concentrations were significantly lower in both groups of fish subjected to injections (Control 2 and GEN), while the oxidative metabolic activity of phagocytes increased in the antibiotic-treated groups (significantly in OTC). More alterations were observed in hematopoietic tissue. Immunocytochemical analysis revealed that G caused a significant increase in the rate of cell proliferation (PCNA-positive cells) and an increase in the frequency of apoptotic cells (caspase-positive). The frequency of lymphoid lineage decreased, which was related to a decrease in the abundance of mature lymphocytes in GEN-treated fish. Percentages of neutrophilic lineage were significantly elevated in OTC and GEN groups compared to controls. The obtained results showed no considerable hematotoxicity or hepatotoxicity of therapeutic doses of OTC and GEN to carp.

SAFETY OF ORAL DOXYCYCLINE TREATMENT IN NILE TILAPIA, Oreochromis niloticus

“…The data on the hematological and immunological response in fish after antibiotic treatment are complex, as the results obtained by several authors are likely to depend on the antibiotic dosage, infectious processes and the sensitivity of various fish species (Kondera et al, 2020). Leukocytes play a vital role in the immune system of fish, comprising the cellular element of innate immunity and releasing humoral substances such as cationic antimicrobial peptides, components of the complement system, lectins and cytokines (Do Huu et al, 2016).…”

Hematological and Hematopoietic Effects of Bactericidal Doses of Trans-Cinnamaldehyde and Thyme Oil on Cyprinus carpio Juveniles

“…Then, the fishes were euthanized by using MS-222 overdosing. Head kidneys were isolated from all the fishes; tissue smears were made and stained with Giemsa and May–Grünwald solutions to evaluate the cellular composition of hematopoietic tissue ( Kondera, 2011 ; Kondera et al, 2020 ). In each preparation, 500 cells were inspected.…”

“…Hematological analyses are a sensitive tool for the evaluation of the physiological and health status of fish and are useful for the assessment of various environmental impacts including the toxicity of xenobiotics ( Burgos-Aceves et al, 2019 ; Vajargah et al, 2019 ; Bojarski and Witeska, 2020 ; Vaclavik et al, 2020 ). They are also used to evaluate the toxicity of therapeutics ( Bojarski et al, 2020 ; Kondera et al, 2020 ). Hematological analyses of peripheral blood are commonly applied in fish toxicology, but analyses of hematopoietic tissue are rarely performed.…”

Effect of Garlic on Blood Parameters in Thermal Stressed Common Carp Fish (Cyprinus Carpio L)

“…Blood smear fixed with absolute methanol and then stained with Giemsa stain. The differential leukocyte count is estimated from examination of the stained blood smears in which numbers of different types of leukocytes are calculated per 100 cells in numerous fields of a smear [21].…”