Effects of oxygen species from Fe addition on promoting steam reforming of toluene over Fe–Ni/Al2O3 catalysts

Hu, Song; He, Limo; Wang, Lele; Jiang, Long; Chen, Qindong; Liu, Qicong; Su, Sheng; Sun, Lushi

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2016.07.271

Cited by 84 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…This is particularly interesting for heavier feeds since they are more prone to thermal decomposition, being deposited high amounts of coke on the catalyst and thus causing its severe deactivation. Fluidized bed technology (Figure 4b) has been studied, besides other hydrocarbons, in the steam reforming of ethanol [111,112], dimethyl ether [113,114], butanol [115], glycerol [116], phenol [117], toluene [118], bio-oil aqueous fraction [119][120][121] and raw bio-oil [122][123][124].…”

Section: Off-line Reformingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coke formation and deactivation during catalytic reforming of biomass and waste pyrolysis products: A review

Ochoa

Bilbao

Gayubo

et al. 2020

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

326

158

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Section: Off-line Reformingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coke formation and deactivation during catalytic reforming of biomass and waste pyrolysis products: A review

Ochoa

Bilbao

Gayubo

et al. 2020

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

326

158

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“…As shown in Fig. , the binding energies of 854.5 and 873.6 eV, corresponding to Ni 2p 3/2 and Ni 2p 1/2 , respectively, in calcined Ni/A‐Bn and Ni‐B/A‐Bn catalysts, can be ascribed to Ni 2+ in NiO, and the binding energies of 861.7 and 880.0 eV correspond to the shake‐up processes of Ni 2p 3/2 and Ni 2p 1/2 , respectively, in NiO. The binding energy of 856.5 eV can be ascribed to NiO, which interacts strongly with the support , .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 85%

Anti‐Coke Properties of Acid‐Treated Bentonite‐Supported Nickel‐Boron Catalyst

Jiang

Huang

et al. 2017

Chem Eng & Technol

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Boron was introduced into nickel/acid-treated bentonite (Ni/A-Bn) catalysts to improve the anti-coking ability of the nickel-based catalyst in the hydrogenation of nitrobenzene. The results showed the B-doped Ni/A-Bn catalyst was more active than that without B. During an extended reaction period, Ni-B/acid-treated bentonite (Ni-B/A-Bn) resulted in a high nitrobenzene conversion and a high aniline selectivity. The lifetime of Ni-B/A-Bn was extended significantly compared with that of Ni/A-Bn. The addition of B into Ni/A-Bn decreased the NiO particle size, improved the dispersion of active components, and decreased carbon deposition. The combination of B and Ni prevented coke deposition on metallic Ni during nitrobenzene hydrogenation, which reduced carbon deposition on the surface of Ni-B/A-Bn. IntroductionAniline is an important chemical in industry [1,2], and is mainly produced by phenol ammonization, iron powder reduction, and catalytic hydrogenation of nitrobenzene. Among these methods, catalytic hydrogenation does not generate acid effluents and has little impact on the environment, compared with the other two methods. Catalytic hydrogenation of nitrobenzene in a gas-liquid-solid system, which is a greener method, is the main way to obtain aniline in very high yields [3][4][5]. A noble metal is commonly used in catalytic reaction due to excellent catalytic activity and higher coking resistance [6][7][8][9][10]; however, the cost is too high and limits industrial applications. As a transition metal, nickel-based catalysts exhibit high activity for hydrogenation and are low-cost compared with noblemetal-based catalysts [11]. In industry, nickel-based catalysts are generally used in the form of Raney Ni; however, this is easily deactivated by sintering. Additionally, catalyst deactivation is also caused by carbon deposition, which a general problem for hydrogenation [12,13]. Many studies of carbon chemisorption on Ni surfaces have further refined understanding of the molecular-level behavior of carbon atom deposition on Nibased catalysts [14][15][16], and it has been suggested that a small amount of boron could enhance the stability of Ni-based catalysts [15,16]. The atomic number of boron close to that of carbon, and shows similar chemisorption preferences on Ni-based catalysts; therefore, a small amount of boron might block most of the stable binding sites. Furthermore, calculations have demonstrated that these sites probably initiate coke formation [14,15] or lead to low catalytic activity when covered by carbon atoms [16]. Initial studies indicated that blocking by boron potentially reduced deactivation, and boron could influence the coking resistance of nickel-based catalysts during the steam reforming of methane [17].Bentonite is a good catalyst support due to its strong metalsupport interaction and low cost. Coking on the Ni surface is a technological problem and has been addressed in many studies [18][19][20][21][22]. Ni/bentonite was used as a catalyst for nitrobenzene hydrogenation to form aniline; ...

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“…Without TEM/SEM/Raman spectroscopy (outside of this research) it is difficult to assess accurately the type of coke formed and the analysis here is a best-guess without the availability of further data. Recently, the incorporation of iron into a Ni-based catalyst was shown to impede the rate of carbon deposition; the authors attributed the activity of the Fe to the multiple oxidation states of the iron oxide lattice and its ability to simultaneously oxidise coke whilst being oxidised itself by steam [ 72 ]. This could certainly be an interesting area to explore in the future of coke reduction, but caution must be taken during the particle manufacturing steps, as some side interactions between Ca and Fe can occur.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen Production by Sorption Enhanced Steam Reforming (SESR) of Biomass in a Fluidised-Bed Reactor Using Combined Multifunctional Particles

et al. 2018

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The performance of combined CO2-sorbent/catalyst particles for sorption enhanced steam reforming (SESR), prepared via a simple mechanical mixing protocol, was studied using a spout-fluidised bed reactor capable of continuous solid fuel (biomass) feeding. The influence of particle size (300–500 and 710–1000 µm), CaO loading (60–100 wt %), Ni-loading (10–40 wt %) and presence of dicalcium silicate support (22.6 wt %) on SESR process performance were investigated. The combined particles were characterised by their density, porosity and CO2 carrying capacity with the analysis by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) and mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP). All experiments were conducted with continuous oak biomass feeding at a rate of 0.9 g/min ± 10%, and the reactor was operated at 660 ± 5 °C, 1 atm and 20 ± 2 vol % steam which corresponds to a steam-to-carbon ratio of 1.2:1. Unsupported combined particles containing 21.0 wt % Ni and 79 wt % CaO were the best performing sorbent/catalyst particle screened in this study, when accounting for the cost of Ni and the improvement in H2 produced by high Ni content particles. SESR tests with these combined particles produced 61 mmol H2/gbiomass (122 g H2/kgbiomass) at a purity of 61 vol %. Significant coke formation within the feeding tube and on the surfaces of the particles was observed which was attributed to the low steam to carbon ratio utilised.

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Effects of oxygen species from Fe addition on promoting steam reforming of toluene over Fe–Ni/Al2O3 catalysts

Cited by 84 publications

References 35 publications

Coke formation and deactivation during catalytic reforming of biomass and waste pyrolysis products: A review

Coke formation and deactivation during catalytic reforming of biomass and waste pyrolysis products: A review

Anti‐Coke Properties of Acid‐Treated Bentonite‐Supported Nickel‐Boron Catalyst

Hydrogen Production by Sorption Enhanced Steam Reforming (SESR) of Biomass in a Fluidised-Bed Reactor Using Combined Multifunctional Particles

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