Effects of Oxidative Stress on Mesenchymal Stem Cell Biology

Abstract

Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells present in most fetal and adult tissues. Ex vivo culture-expanded MSCs are being investigated for tissue repair and immune modulation, but their full clinical potential is far from realization. Here we review the role of oxidative stress in MSC biology, as their longevity and functions are affected by oxidative stress. In general, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) inhibit MSC proliferation, increase senescence, enhance adipogenic but reduce osteogenic differentiation, and inhibit MSC immunomodulation. Furthermore, aging, senescence, and oxidative stress reduce their ex vivo expansion, which is critical for their clinical applications. Modulation of sirtuin expression and activity may represent a method to reduce oxidative stress in MSCs. These findings have important implications in the clinical utility of MSCs for degenerative and immunological based conditions. Further study of oxidative stress in MSCs is imperative in order to enhance MSC ex vivo expansion and in vivo engraftment, function, and longevity.

Comparing the Effects of Human and Fetal Bovine Serum on Mesenchymal Stem Cells Under Oxidative Stress

“…Among disturbing factors, oxidative stresses have a major role in cell apoptosis and any method that promote cell viability and proliferation could be valuable [17,18,24]. H 2 O 2 has been usually used to stimulate oxidative stress in cell cultures in vitro [9]. In the current study, using H 2 O 2 , the oxidative condition was mimicked and HS hypothesized to be able to diminish the adverse effects of H 2 O 2 .…”

“…Stem cell therapy often encounters reduced viability after implantation in the injured tissues. Microenvironment of injured tissues is far from the optimized conditions for cell survival, depending on the site and type of injuries [2,9]. Among disturbing factors, oxidative stresses have a major role in cell apoptosis and any method that promote cell viability and proliferation could be valuable [17,18,24].…”

“…Culture media are often supplemented with Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) as an essential component which mainly provides growth and adherence factors for stem cells [9][10][11][12]. However, variations in each FBS preparation, available unknown compounds and risk of virus and prion transmission strongly limited research and clinical use of proliferated MSCs [13,14].…”

“…Oxidative stress is also known as a cause for cell senescence and chronic age-dependent diseases [19] as well as a main mechanism in cell and tissue injury [9]. Considering the importance of cell viability after transplantation, the present investigation aimed to study the effect of HS and FBS on adipose-derived MSCs proliferation and osteogenic differentiation in the presence of oxidative stress.…”

Transportation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Clinical Applications

“…The osteogenic diferentiation potential is not inluenced, but adipogenic and chondrogenic diferentiation abilities are enhanced under hypoxic culture conditions [29]. Cell surface antigens are downregulated, and the ability to suppress T-cell proliferation is diminished by oxidative stress [32]. These results suggest that some gas control system is required for non-frozen-MSC transportation.…”