Effects of oxidative stress during human and animal reproductions: A review

Abstract

Given its high ability to damage important cellular components (lipids, proteins and deoxyribonucleic acid), oxidative stress is now recognized as one of the most common mechanisms associated with development of a variety of diseases and natural events such as pregnancy. During reproduction period, there is a change in the pro-oxidant and antioxidant balance due to the body and circulation modifications that are inherent to the pregnancy process. The present paper discusses the role of oxidative stress on the reproduction process. More effective defense strategies are needed to decrease the deleterious effects of oxidative-stress-induced gestation. This approach could be achieved by antioxidant status alteration. Further clinical and experimental studies are needed for better understanding of oxidative stress mechanism and the impact of antioxidant supplementation on reproduction.

Effects of dietary grape seed polyphenols supplementation during late gestation and lactation on antioxidant status in serum and immunoglobulin content in colostrum of multiparous sows1

“…In particular, colostrum has been found to have several advantages over formula. In addition to providing energy and critical nutrients for growth and heat production for newborn piglets, it also has the potential to provide antioxidant protection and maternal immunity to piglets (Berchieri-ronchi et al, 2015), which is a key to the survival of newborn piglets. This study did not find a significant difference in nutrient composition (solids-not-fat, fat, protein, and lactose) in colostrum between sows fed GSP with sows fed CON.…”

“…Gestation is characterized by dynamic changes in several tissues and organs that lead to increased basal oxygen consumption and metabolic status modifications in both the sow and the fetus (Berchieri-ronchi et al, 2015). Gestation is a state of high oxidative stress in animals, which is harmful to embryonic, fetal, and placental development (Al-Gubory et al, 2010;Yin et al, 2014).…”

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“…Since it is not economical and even hardly feasible to raise animals without them reproducing, overcoming challenges of oxidative damages associated with reproduction is highly desirable. [14,27,45] Oxidative balance as presented in Figure 1 when triggered cause damages in reproductive activities in animals and human being. Major problems of reproductive performance associated with oxidative stress damage are infertility in female human subjects while in male subjects; it reduces fertilizing capabilities of sperm.…”

“…This fragmentation causes mutation in offspring because the fragmentation is hardly repaired ahead of fertilization. According to the study of [14] oxidative stress affect reproductive performance through damage in different cellular components and biomolecules at all levels of reproduction from fertilization, to maintenance of pregnancy and lactation period in both humans and animals; some of these biomolecules are cellular genetic materials.…”

Redox Properties of Tryptophan Metabolism and the Concept of Tryptophan Use in Pregnancy

“…Increased OS had been reported to be associated with high metabolic demand, energy demand, and requirements for tissue oxygen during normal pregnancy in humans [ 9 , 10 ], sows [ 11 ], dogs [ 12 ], sheep [ 13 ] and other species [ 9 ]. Uncontrolled OS during pregnancy may result in embryo resorption, placental degeneration, restriction of fetal growth, pregnancy interruption, stillbirths, and other problems [ 13 ].…”