Effects of orthodontic forces on bone turnover biomarkers in peri-miniscrew crevicular fluid: A systematic review

Spectroscopic insights into peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis: unveiling peri-implant crevicular fluid profiles using surface enhanced Raman scattering

“…For these reasons, an extensive search has been made to identify PICF components that could serve as diagnostic or prognostic markers providing critical insights into the local inflammatory and biological processes occurring around implants. 6,11 For instance, Xu et al reported that PICF in case of peri-implantitis contains higher levels of active collagenolytic matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) than GCF from similar sites of natural teeth affected by deep chronic periodontitis. 12 More recently, a 10-year retrospective investigation comparing crevicular fluid biomarkers from implants and teeth concluded that increased levels of MMP-8 and IL-1β in PICF or GCF may be associated with inflammation around implants and teeth while lower levels of MMP-1/TIMP-1 may be an indicator of disease progression around implants.…”

“…9,10 Its production can increase in some physiological conditions, such as biting hard food, brushing teeth, or in case of both mechanical or chemical injury to the peri-implant soft tissues. The inflammation status increases the flow and changes the composition of the fluid, 10–12 with variations in a wide range of biomolecules including cytokines, enzymes, inflammatory mediators, and immune cells. The analysis of PICF is a promising tool for a more reliable and sensitive assessment of implant health, facilitating timely interventions and personalized treatment strategies.…”