Effects of organometals on cellular signaling. I. Influence of metabolic inhibitors on metal-induced arachidonic acid liberation.

Abstract

Organic lead and tin compounds stimulate an increase of free arachidonic acid (AA) in HL-60 cells. This fatty acid is involved in numerous health problems and physiological mechanisms. Three major pathways result in a liberation of AA from membrane phospholipids and there is evidence that G-proteins serve as couplers within all three pathways. Therefore we investigated the influence of pertussis toxin (PT) on the organometallic-induced AA liberation. The effect of all studied compounds (organotin and organo-lead) was diminished by PT. We conclude that the organometals activate PLA2 to some extent via a PT-sensitive pathway. The ionophor A 23187 (1-10 microM) led to an increase of free AA by raising the intracellular Ca2+ level. One of the postulated ways of AA release is via Ca2+ channel activation; phospholipases are Ca2+ dependent. Thus, we examined the necessity of free intracellular Ca2+ for the organometallic effect. The Ca2+ chelator EGTA inhibited the increase of free AA induced by organometals. This is true also for verapamil, a Ca2+ channel blocker. Quinacrine, which is thought to be an inhibitor of phospholipase A2 (PLA2), prevented the AA liberation from membrane phospholipids induced by organometals. This could be due to the inhibition of PLA2, but it could also be the result of an inhibited Ca2+ influx.

Immunotoxicogenomics : gene expression profiling as a tool to study immunotoxicity

“…Induction of apoptosis by has been ascribed to a rise in the intracellular calcium concentration, possibly mediating release of cytochrome c and activation of caspases [126,127,[135][136][137][138][139][140][141][142][143][144][145][146][147][148][149][150]. The latter effect has been suggested to cause cytoskeletal disruption [151,152] and calcium may activate protein kinases and phosphatases and phospholipases [141,153]. In spite of many clues to the mechanisms of action, however, the critical molecular target of TBTO remains unknown.…”