Effects of Organized Physical Activity on Selected Health Indices among Women Older than 55 Years

Żmijewski, Piotr; Mazurek, Krzysztof; Kozdroń, Ewa; Szczypiorski, Piotr; Frysztak, Agata

doi:10.1155/2015/625032

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The baseline 10-year risk of death from cardiac causes among the participants of the OPA (absolute risk) was 5.2%, and in accordance with the classification of the Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation-HeartScore it was a high absolute risk [8]. As a result of two weeks of OPA the absolute risk was significantly reduced to 4.8%, and after a further three months of exercise, to 4.2%.…”

Section: Coronary Risksupporting

confidence: 65%

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Cardiovascular risk reduction in sedentary postmenopausal women during organised physical activity

et al. 2017

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A b s t r a c tBackground: Cardiovascular (CV) diseases are a major cause of death in elderly women. Aerobic training improves component CV risk factors. Long-term, higher-intensity, group-based and home-based exercise training has been shown to improve exercise performance. However, it is not clear if short-term, group-based or home-based training with an educational programme permanently improves cardiometabolic parameters in elderly women. Aim:The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of organised physical activity programmes dedicated to elderly, sedentary women.Methods: Thirty-five sedentary women, aged > 55 years (mean 65.4 ± 7.3 years) were enrolled in a two-week group-based physical training programme of moderate intensity (2.5-5.0 METs) followed by three months of organised, home-based physical activity targeting all major muscle groups with special emphasis on postural muscles, combined with an educational programme about physical activity and CV risk. Eighteen months of self-guided physical activity was the final stage of training. Medical examination and blood samples were collected at baseline and after each step of exercises.Results: Each step of training resulted in a reduction of systolic and diastolic blood pressure (p < 0.05), body mass index (p < 0.05), waist to hip ratio (p < 0.02), and low-density lipoprotein (p < 0.05) as compared to baseline. The time of exercise (p < 0.01), maximal tolerated load, and maximal oxygen consumption (p < 0.001) were significantly improved after two-weeks of training, as well as the high-density lipoprotein (p < 0.001). These changes remained significant after three months. Finally, the 10-year risk of fatal CV disease reduced significantly (p < 0.05). After 18 months 2/3 of subjects continued physical activity at a sufficient level to achieve additional health benefits according to the World Health Organisation.Conclusions: Organised, group-based exercise followed by home-based training and self-guided physical activities constantly improves cardiometabolic parameters and reduces CV risk.

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Section: Coronary Risksupporting

confidence: 65%

“…The reasons for disqualification from participation in the OPA were resistant hypertension with concomitant coronary artery disease, abdominal aortic aneurysm in patients with hypertension, and atrial fibrillation with inadequate anticoagulation therapy [8].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular risk reduction in sedentary postmenopausal women during organised physical activity

et al. 2017

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“…The cardiovascular benefits of exercise have been frequently attributed to the reduction of many classical cardiovascular risk factors including blood lipids [ 20 , 28 , 50 , 89 – 95 ], high blood pressure [ 20 , 28 , 50 , 95 ], obesity [ 50 , 95 – 97 ], glucose, and type 2 diabetes [ 98 , 99 ] as well as novel risk factors such as inflammation [ 28 , 100 – 103 ] and oxidative stress [ 95 ]. However, the mechanisms underlying the protective and therapeutic effects of exercise go beyond reducing cardiovascular risk factors [ 104 ] to modulating angiogenesis [ 105 ], endothelial progenitor cells [ 106 – 109 ], basal heart rate [ 110 ], endothelial function [ 111 – 115 ], autonomic control [ 116 ], arterial stiffness [ 41 , 117 – 120 ], and arterial remodeling [ 121 ].…”

Section: Exercise Training and Cardiovascular Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise Modulates Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Aging and Cardiovascular Diseases

Sallam

Laher

2015

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

256

216

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Despite the wealth of epidemiological and experimental studies indicating the protective role of regular physical activity/exercise training against the sequels of aging and cardiovascular diseases, the molecular transducers of exercise/physical activity benefits are not fully identified but should be further investigated in more integrative and innovative approaches, as they bear the potential for transformative discoveries of novel therapeutic targets. As aging and cardiovascular diseases are associated with a chronic state of oxidative stress and inflammation mediated via complex and interconnected pathways, we will focus in this review on the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions of exercise, mainly exerted on adipose tissue, skeletal muscles, immune system, and cardiovascular system by modulating anti-inflammatory/proinflammatory cytokines profile, redox-sensitive transcription factors such as nuclear factor kappa B, activator protein-1, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha, antioxidant and prooxidant enzymes, and repair proteins such as heat shock proteins, proteasome complex, oxoguanine DNA glycosylase, uracil DNA glycosylase, and telomerase. It is important to note that the effects of exercise vary depending on the type, intensity, frequency, and duration of exercise as well as on the individual's characteristics; therefore, the development of personalized exercise programs is essential.

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“…A sedentary lifestyle and the lack of a scheduled activity during daily life are well-established risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) because of negative effects on cardiac and endothelial function, including a pro-atherogenic action [26,27]. The classical and nonclassical risk factors for CV disease were investigated in a recent paper, where the single factors were measured at different time-points of a specific PA program in a sample of elderly women (aged 65.0 ± 7.3 years).…”

Section: Effect Of Pa On Cardiac Biomarkersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biohumoral Indicators Influenced by Physical Activity in the Elderly

Fossati

Torre

Borrione

et al. 2020

JCM

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In the scientific landscape, there is a growing interest in defining the role of several biomolecules and humoral indicators of the aging process and in the modifications of these biomarkers induced by physical activity and exercise. The main aim of the present narrative review is to collect the available evidence on the biohumoral indicators that could be modified by physical activity (PA) in the elderly. Online databases including Pubmed, Web of science (Medline), and Scopus were searched for relevant articles published in the last five years in English. Keywords and combination of these used for the search were the following: “biological”, “indicators”, “markers”, “physical”, “activity”, and “elderly”. Thirty-four papers were analyzed for inclusion. Twenty-nine studies were included and divided into four categories: cardiovascular (CV) biomarkers, metabolic biomarkers, inflammatory markers-oxidative stress molecules, and other markers. There are many distinct biomarkers influenced by PA in the elderly, with promising results concerning the metabolic and CV indexes, as a growing number of studies demonstrate the role of PA on improving parameters related to heart function and CV risk like atherogenic lipid profile. Furthermore, it is also a verified hypothesis that PA is able to modify the inflammatory status of the subject by decreasing the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). PA seems also to be able to have a direct effect on the immune system. There is a strong evidence of a positive effect of PA on the health of elderly people that could be evidenced and “quantified” by the modifications of the levels of several biohumoral indicators.

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Effects of Organized Physical Activity on Selected Health Indices among Women Older than 55 Years

Cited by 5 publications

References 39 publications

Cardiovascular risk reduction in sedentary postmenopausal women during organised physical activity

Cardiovascular risk reduction in sedentary postmenopausal women during organised physical activity

Exercise Modulates Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Aging and Cardiovascular Diseases

Biohumoral Indicators Influenced by Physical Activity in the Elderly

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