Effects of organised media on the generation of volatile species for atomic spectrometry

Campa, M.R. Fernández de la; García, Eliseo; Temprano, M. C. Valdés-Hevia y; Fernández, Beatriz; Gayón, J.M. Marchante; Sanz‐Medel, Alfredo

doi:10.1016/0584-8547(94)00155-o

Cited by 34 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…These phenomena have been investigated for several elements including arsenic [3], lead [1,2], and cadmium [4][5][6]. A similar effect has been reported in the determination of mercury by "cold vapor" procedures [7][8][9][10]. Detection techniques have included both inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) and atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…It has been claimed in recent reports [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] that in the determination of hydride forming elements by atomic spectrometry, an improvement in sensitivity may be achieved by the addition of surfactants. Several of these studies also report an increased tolerance to potential interferences in the presence of the surfactants and in some cases the presence of the surfactant is said to be "essential for the efficient formation of the volatile species in the reaction vessel" [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Surfactants are known to create a micro-environment of organized molecular assemblies which may change reaction rates, chemical equilibria and selectivity in reactions within the media [11]. Further, it has been proposed that in addition to kinetic and thermodynamic advan tages, surfactants may help to stabilize a given oxida tion state of the analyte, and to inhibit the solubility of volatile species in the organized media, thus favoring the bulk solvent and hence improving transport to the atomizer [7]. There have been numerous publications regarding the use of surfactants in flame AAS concerned with possible increases in nebulizer effi ciency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Use of a surfactant in the determination of arsenic by flow injection hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry

Ellis

Tyson

1996

Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy

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The possible benefits of the addition of an anionic surfactant, didodecyldimethylammonium bromide, in the determination of arsenic, by flow injection hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry using a flame-heated quartz tube atomizer, were studied in the light of previous reports concerning the effects of surfactants on chemical vapor generation procedures. Con centrations of arsenic between 5 and 30 µg 1-1 were used. Calibrations in the presence and absence of the surfactant in the sample solution were not significantly different, either for the case where vesicles were formed in the presence of the analyte or where they were preformed in the surfactant solution and then added to the analyte. The surfactant had no effect on recoveries in the presence of copper, nickel or bismuth. The addition of the surfactant to the acid carrier and/or borohydride streams had no effect. It is proposed that there may be a greater role for surfactants in the improvement of the processes by which the hydride is transferred to the bulk gas phase than has been attributed in previous reports on this subject.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Use of a surfactant in the determination of arsenic by flow injection hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry

Ellis

Tyson

1996

Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy

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“…The possibility of chemical modification of the CVG process by surfactants 15,16 was also explored. Silver was chosen as the model element and the experimental setup is based on an earlier AAS study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surfactant assisted chemical vapour generation of silver for AAS and ICP-OES: a mechanistic study

Matoušek

Sturgeon

2003

J. Anal. At. Spectrom.

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Access and use of this website and the material on it are subject to the Terms and Conditions set forth at Surfactant assisted chemical vapour generation of silver for AAS and ICP-OES: a mechanistic study Matousek, T.; Sturgeon, R.http://nparc.cisti-icist.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/npsi/jsp/nparc_cp.jsp?lang=fr L'accès à ce site Web et l'utilisation de son contenu sont assujettis aux conditions présentées dans le site LISEZ CES CONDITIONS ATTENTIVEMENT AVANT D'UTILISER CE SITE WEB. NRC Publications Record / Notice d'Archives des publications de CNRC:http://nparc.cisti-icist.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/npsi/ctrl?action=rtdoc&an=5764798&lang=en http://nparc.cisti-icist.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/npsi/ctrl?action=rtdoc&an=5764798&lang=fr READ THESE TERMS AND CONDITIONS CAREFULLY BEFORE USING THIS WEBSITE.http://nparc.cisti-icist.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/npsi/jsp/nparc_cp.jsp?lang=en Vous avez des questions? Nous pouvons vous aider. Pour communiquer directement avec un auteur, consultez la première page de la revue dans laquelle son article a été publié afin de trouver ses coordonnées. Si vous n'arrivez pas à les repérer, communiquez avec nous à PublicationsArchive-ArchivesPublications@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca. Questions? Contact the NRC Publications Archive team atPublicationsArchive-ArchivesPublications@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca. If you wish to email the authors directly, please see the first page of the publication for their contact information. NRC Publications Archive Archives des publications du CNRCThis publication could be one of several versions: author's original, accepted manuscript or the publisher's version. / La version de cette publication peut être l'une des suivantes : la version prépublication de l'auteur, la version acceptée du manuscrit ou la version de l'éditeur. For the publisher's version, please access the DOI link below./ Pour consulter la version de l'éditeur, utilisez le lien DOI ci-dessous.http://doi.org/10.1039/b211540aJournal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, 18, 5, pp. 487-494, 2003 Surfactant assisted chemical vapour generation of silver for AAS and ICP-OES: a mechanistic study{ A chemical vapour generation (CVG) procedure for the production of volatile species of Ag was developed and studied using AAS and ICP-OES detection. A characteristic mass of 0.12 ng was achieved using a miniature diffusion flame atomizer-AAS system, whereas a 38-fold higher sensitivity (as cps per ng of introduced analyte) compared with conventional liquid nebulization was obtained with ICP-OES. The overall efficiency of introduction of Ag to the plasma was verified to be over 20%. More than one order of magnitude enhancement of efficiency was obtained by the addition of a surfactant (Triton X-100 in combination with an antifoaming agent), the effect of which, however, cannot be ascribed to the formation of organized media. Experiments concerning the mechanism of the CVG, transport and memory effect are discussed: Ag CVG is not a simple one-step process as is the case for CVG of selenium, but rather a two-step procedure. Transport properties of the volatile Ag species rese...

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“…Several practical applications of surfactants in flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS), such as the use of the concept of cloud point phenomenon to perform metal speciation and determination, have been extensively reported [1][2][3][4][5]. However, their use in FAAS has been rather scarce and often controversial.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effect of Surfactants on the Behavior of Chromium in Analytical Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

2005

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1 During the last 20 years, an enormous growth of interest in applications of surfactant-based ordered media in analytical chemistry has been observed. Several practical applications of surfactants in flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS), such as the use of the concept of cloud point phenomenon to perform metal speciation and determination, have been extensively reported [1][2][3][4][5]. However, their use in FAAS has been rather scarce and often controversial. Only a few studies have been devoted to the sensitization mechanism [6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. Kodama et al. [6,7] reported that the surfactant presence in concentrations superior to the critical micelle concentration (CMC) leads to an improvement in the atomization efficiency. According to these authors' results, the charge of analyte and/or surfactant appears without to be influence. Kornahrens et al. [8] proposed a model to explain the observed sensitivity improvement while adding sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) to Cu(II) solutions. This model can be derived from an extension of the theory of aerosol ionic redistribution (AIR) as proposed by Borowiec et al. [11]. This mechanism assigned a great importance to the surfactant charge. Therefore, with the used analyte (Cu 2+ ), the cationic surfactant (hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (C 16 TAB)) and the nonionic surfactant (Triton X-100 (TX-100)) had no effect on the absorbance. The mechanism proposed is based on the concept of the preferential orientation of surfactant molecules to the surface of nebulized droplets.If the utilized surfactant is opposite in charge to the metallic ion to be analyzed, the latter will tend to asso-1 The text was submitted by the authors in English. ciate with the surfactant molecules and, thus, the smallest formed droplets (primary and secondary aerosols) will be analyte enriched. As these finer droplets are more effectively sampled, signal enhancement is observed.Yan and Zhang [12] suggested that reverse micelle formation provides a special chemical microenvironment around the analyte, which is dependent upon the charge of ionic surfactants. This microenvironment protects the analyte, preventing the formation of stable compounds, which are known to contribute the major interference in the air-acetylene flame. Thus, the atomization efficiency is elevated by reduction involving decomposition products of surfactant molecules around the analyte ions. In this model, the charges of the surfactant and analyte contribute to the improvement.It is evident from these studies that a complete understanding of the behavior of surfactants in FAAS does not exist.The aim of this work is to study the behavior of surfactants of different natures and chain lengths in FAAS. Chromium has been chosen as the analyte, because it can occur in aqueous solution in anionic form (Cr(VI)) or in cationic form (Cr(III)).Three factors-the surfactant nature effect, the salt addition effect, and the surfactant chain length effecthave been examined. EXPERIMENTALThe surfactants utilized were of three types:...

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Effects of organised media on the generation of volatile species for atomic spectrometry

Cited by 34 publications

References 25 publications

Use of a surfactant in the determination of arsenic by flow injection hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry

Use of a surfactant in the determination of arsenic by flow injection hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry

Surfactant assisted chemical vapour generation of silver for AAS and ICP-OES: a mechanistic study

Effect of Surfactants on the Behavior of Chromium in Analytical Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

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